How Did Alliances Cause War To Spread Rapidly

Question: Militarism

Answer: a belief in increasing a nation's military force as a way to increase the nation's power

Question: Alliance

Answer: an agreement between two or more nations, usually by treaty, to defend each other if one of the countries is attacked.

Question: MAIN

Answer: Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism

Question: Imperialism

Answer: Imperialism is the policy of countries building empires by gaining control of weaker nations.

Question: How many estimated deaths occurred during WWI?

Answer: It is estimated that WWI caused 16 million deaths

Question: What caused militarism to spread throughout Europe?

Answer: Militarism created an escalating cycle. When one country expanded their military force, neighboring countries felt threatened and immediately began to increase their military strength. This paranoia caused a steady build-up of armed forces across Europe.

Question: Why did European countries think alliances would prevent war?

Answer: Countries forming alliances were well-intentioned. They hoped alliances would keep peace because other countries would be deterred from attacking if they knew confronting one country meant their allies would join the fighting too.

Question: How did alliances cause war to spread rapidly?

Answer: Despite forming alliances to ensure peace, the agreements hastened war. Once war began, the alliance system caused more countries to get involved.

Question: During what years did WWI occur?

Answer: 1914-1918

Question: What is the appeal of imperialism?

Answer: A major appeal of imperialism is an increased access to raw materials. Overseas lands usually offered natural resources needed for growing industry. The new territories also offered markets where goods and products could be sold. Countries were increasing their power and wealth by bringing additional territories under their control.

Question: How did imperialism help lead to war?

Answer: The competition created by imperialism intensified tension and rivalries in Europe in the early 1900's. Increased competition and desire for greater empires led to an increase in conflict that helped push the world into World War I.

Question: Nationalism

Answer: Nationalism is an intense loyalty to a country that goes beyond just patriotism.

Question: How did nationalism lead to problems with foreign relations?

Answer: By placing their own country above everything else, nationalists in many countries generated hatred of other nationalities, which led to problems with foreign relations.

Question: How did nationalism contribute to the beginning of the war?

Answer: Extreme nationalism caused several issues as countries worked to put their country above all others. Many nationalists believed war was heroic and the ultimate expression of sacrifice for one's country. These attitudes contributed not only to the beginning of the war, but also to the extension of war.

Question: Why did the Black Hand want to kill the Archduke?

Answer: The assassination was done in protest to Austria-Hungary having control of Bosnia and Herzegovina, areas Serbia wanted to take over.

Question: Why was Archduke Ferdinand important to Austria-Hungary?

Answer: Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the next in line to be king of Austria-Hungary.

Question: How did the assassination lead to war?

Answer: In response, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, causing a domino effect that brought most of the countries of Europe to war.

Question: Why is WWI referred to as the first modern war?

Answer: Technological advancements such as tanks, planes, submarines,chemical weapons, machine guns and artillery changed warfare.WWI was the first mechanized war.

Question: What was the result of failing to adapt to new technologies?

Answer: Failure to adapt to new weapons technology resulted in high numbers of casualties throughout the war.

Question: Why were tanks developed?

Answer: Tanks were developed as a new method to attack the enemy as trench warfare led to stalemates. Armored tanks provided an effective technique for attacking enemy trenches.

Question: How were tanks effective weapons?

Answer: Tanks could endure most gunfire, drove right through rows of barbed wire, and could often cross over trenches. Tanks also provided cover for advancing soldiers.

Question: What happened to the tank William Tritton was following?

Answer: The tank took a direct hit by a shell and burst into flames. The crew were trapped inside as the tank burned.

Question: Specifically, how did poison gas attack (affect) it's victims?

Answer: Chlorine and phosgene gases attacked the lungs, rendering its victims unable to breath. Mustard gas attacked the skin, causing agonizing blisters and excruciating pain.

Question: Why did gas attacks become less effective?

Answer: Gas masks improved, making attacks less effective.

Question: How many people were injured or killed by gas attacks?

Answer: 1 million were injured and 100,000 killed.

Question: What were the benefits of using submarines in warfare?

Answer: Submarines could attack the enemy while remaining unseen and undetected.

Question: What was the result of Germany's unrestricted submarine warfare?

Answer: The ultimate result was it outraged many Americans,helping to draw the U.S. into the war.

Question: Why does Spiegel hesitate before launching the torpedo?

Answer: He witnessed horses on the deck, but decides he must still launch the torpedo.

Question: How were airplanes used during WWI?

Answer: Initially, airplanes were used for observation,but technological advances equipped planes with machine guns and bombs, which allowed them to attack enemy planes and locations.

Question: Why did Lufbery's plane burst into flames?

Answer: A tracer bullet cut away the thumb of his right finger, then hits the fuel tank, causing a mass of flames.

Question: How did Lufbery react when the plane ignited? Why?

Answer: Lufbery jumped from the plane. He decided to jump instead of burning in the plane

Question: How many rounds could most machine guns fire a minute?

Answer: 450 to 600 rounds a minute

Question: What was artillery? What was shrapnel?

Answer: Artillery were heavy guns that fired explosive shells across large distances. Shrapnel occurs when shell fragments are thrown out by an explosion.

Question: What caused the greatest number of casualties during WWI?

Answer: The greatest number of casualties were inflicted by artillery

Question: What was trench warfare and why did it occur?

Answer: Trench warfare was a strategy of fighting from series of complex networks of long, deep ditches. Trench warfare occurred because weapon advancements made it nearly impossible for either side to advance. Unable to move, troops began digging trenches for protection.

Question: How did armies attack the enemy during trench warfare?

Answer: Armies charged the enemy trench by crossing No Man's Land inthe face of massive firepower from machine guns, rifles, andartillery.

Question: What were communication trenches?

Answer: Communication trenches connected the front-line trench,support trench, and reserve trench. Communication trenchesallowed for the transport of men, equipment and suppliesbetween trenches.

Question: What was the purpose of Duckboards?

Answer: Duckboards were designed in an attempt to protect soldiers fromthe muddy water that often caused trench foot.

Question: What protected the front-line trenches?

Answer: Machine-gun posts and barbed wire protected the front-linetrenches.

Question: What was No Man's Land?

Answer: No Man's Land was the area of land between two opposing trenches.

Question: Why were most dead and wounded soldiers left in No Man'sLand?

Answer: Corpses and wounded soldiers were left in No Man's Landbecause enemy fire made it nearly impossible to recover thebodies.

Question: What was trench foot?

Answer: Trench foot was an infection of the feet caused by prolongedexposure to wet, cold, unsanitary conditions.

Question: What were the symptoms of trench foot?

Answer: The feet would become numb and begin to swell. The feetusually turned red or blue and open sores would form.

Question: How could trench foot be prevented?

Answer: Trench foot could be prevented by keeping the feet clean, warmand dry.

Question: Why was it difficult to get rid of lice in the trenches?

Answer: Lice were nearly impossible to get rid of because the conditionsof the trenches were filthy and the men did not have the ability towash properly.

Question: What attracted rats to the trenches?

Answer: The rats were attracted to the abundance of garbage thatcollected in the trenches.

Question: Besides killing rats themselves, what other method did soldiersuse to rid the trenches of rats?

Answer: Soldiers trained dogs to hunt and kill the rats.

Question: What was shell shock?

Answer: Shell shock was a condition in which men suffered mentalbreakdowns from the trauma of warfare.

Question: What were the symptoms of shell shock?

Answer: Troops suffered headaches, dizziness, amnesia and tremors.Their ability to walk and talk could be affected, and occasionally,they experienced fits of rage and terror.

Question: How was shell shock treated?

Answer: The most common treatment was to remove the victim from thefront-lines to provide relief from the trauma of war.

Question: Who won the war?

Answer: The Allied Powers won the war.

Question: Who were the Allied Powers?

Answer: Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, US

Question: Who were the Central Powers in WWI?

Answer: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria

Question: How did America respond to the outbreak of fighting in 1914?

Answer: At the outbreak of fighting in 1914, the United States avoidedinvolvement, adopting the policy of neutrality favored byPresident Woodrow Wilson.

Question: What convinced Wilson to ask for a declaration of war?

Answer: Anger over the Zimmerman telegram, and the unrestricted use of submarine warfare by Germany, convinced President Wilson toask for a declaration of war.

Question: What was stated in the Zimmerman telegram?

Answer: In the telegram, Germany asked Mexico to join the war on theside of the Central Powers and attack America. In return,Germany would help Mexico gain control of Texas, Arizona andNew Mexico and provide financial support.

Question: When did the war end?

Answer: 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month of 1918

Question: What is an armistice?

Answer: An agreement to stop fighting

Question: Why did Germany surrender?

Answer: Germany lacked manpower and supplies. They knew theircountry would be invaded so they agreed to an armistice.

Question: Why was the Paris Peace Conference set up?

Answer: Although the fighting had ended, negotiations were still neededto establish the terms of the peace following the war.

Question: What countries dominated the Paris Peace Conference?

Answer: The United Kingdom, France, the United States and Italydominated the proceedings.

Question: What were the results of the Paris Peace conference?

Answer: The results of the conference were the Treaty of Versailles and the establishment of the League of Nations.

Question: What did Wilson urge at the Paris Peace Conference?

Answer: President Woodrow Wilson urged reconciliation at the Paris PeaceConference. Many nations wanted to punish certain countries, butWilson thought the agreements should be fair to all nations.

Question: Describe Wilson's Fourteen Points.

Answer: The Fourteen Points was a list of proposals by Wilson that focusedon ensuring an immediate end to the war, and reducing futureconflicts.

Question: What was the League of Nations? Why did Wilson propose it?

Answer: The League of Nations was a peacekeeping organization. Wilson proposed the organization as a way to prevent future conflicts throughnegotiations.

Question: What country was harshly punished by the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer: Germany

Question: Why did France insist on punishment?

Answer: France wanted to gain security and prevent another Germanattack by forcing Germany to reduce it's military power. Also,they wanted Germany to pay for the war damages they hadcaused.

Question: What were the major terms of the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer: Germany had to accept total responsibility for causing the war,give up some of its land, agree to pay the Allied nations billions ofdollars in war reparations, and decrease the size of their military.

Question: What was the League of Nations? What was its goal?

Answer: The League of Nations served as an international peace keepingorganization. The goal of the League of Nations was to resolveinternational conflicts to prevent the outbreak of war.

Question: Did the US join the League of Nations? Why or Why not?

Answer: The U.S. did not join the League of Nations. The U.S. Senaterefused to approve the treaty because many feared joining theLeague of Nations may drag the U.S. into a future conflict.

Question: How was the League of Nations successful and unsuccessful?

Answer: The organization was successful in several areas such as helping toend slavery in parts of the world and resolves numerous conflicts. Itwas not successful long-term however, because it failed to prevent the events that led to World War II.

Question: How did the Treaty of Versailles fail long-term?

Answer: The Treaty caused lingering issues that contributed to theoutbreak of the Second World War.

Question: How did the Treaty of Versailles contribute to the rise of the Nazi party?

Answer: The Treaty left Germany embarrassed and financially ruined. Thisvulnerable state allowed for the rise of Adolf Hitler and the Naziparty.