Who Were The Brass Hats

Question: What was the relationship between the federal government and economic growth in the aftermath of World War II?

Answer: Federal spending created more economic growth

Question: Which of the following enabled the rising purchase of consumer goods?

Answer: All of the Above

Question: How did federal housing programs discriminate against Americans of color?

Answer: All of the above

Question: What was the result of Brown v. Board of Education

Answer: All of the Above

Question: Who first challenged segregation on buses?

Answer: Sarah Keys

Question: Why was Emmett Till murdered?

Answer: Allegedly whistling at a white woman

Question: What did the Civil Rights Act of 1957 accomplish?

Answer: Created a Civil Rights Commission in the Department of Justice to investigate claims of racial discrimination

Question: Which of the following best describes the marketing techniques of early television executives?

Answer: Finding programming that would appeal to the widest possible audience

Question: What groups experienced the increased fertility rates associated with the baby boom?

Answer: Wealthy Americans from all racial backgrounds

Question: What was the name of the 1950s counterculture that rejected the values of conformity and domesticity?

Answer: Beats

Question: The churches most common in suburban America tended most frequently celebrated which of the following cultural values?

Answer: Economic individualism

Question: Who were the "Brass Hats?"

Answer: The leadership of the National Association of Manufacturers who created advertising campaigns supporting free enterprise.

Question: Which of the following right wing think tanks were created in the first decade following WWII?

Answer: Both of these

Question: What is the name of the University of Chicago economist who helped to develop the intellectual position of libertarian economics?

Answer: Milton Friedman

Question: Congressional opposition from which faction plagued Dwight D. Eisenhower's administration?

Answer: Both

Question: What was the first military action taken by the United States against international communism?

Answer: American soldiers fought against the Red Army during the Russian civil war

Question: Greece and Turkey were early flashpoints in the Cold War. How did the United States respond to unrest in Greece and Turkey in 1947?

Answer: The United States sent $400 million to both nations to be used in resisting communism

Question: What was the purpose of the Marshall Plan?

Answer: All of the above

Question: When was the Atlantic Charter issued?

Answer: Before the United States entered World War II

Question: What was the message of NSC-68?

Answer: A call for tripling of the annual defense budget for the purpose of stopping communism

Question: Who first advocated the policy of containment?

Answer: George Kennan

Question: Why was Douglas MacArthur removed from command?

Answer: He was publicly insubordinate to the Commander in Chief

Question: How did President Eisenhower attempt to prevent a Soviet Attack on the United States

Answer: By promising "massive retaliation" and appealing to the logic of "mutually-assured destruction"

Question: Which of the following nations were not a part of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)?

Answer: Sweden

Question: Which of the following advantages did the Soviet Union achieve during the Cold War?

Answer: All of the above

Question: Joseph McCarthy first achieved national prominence in February 1950 by waving a piece of paper that he claimed included 205 communists currently working in what capacity?

Answer: Members of the Department of State

Question: Which of the following most accurately describes religious commitment during the early Cold War years?

Answer: All of the above

Question: Why did the United States fail to help more of the decolonization independence movements during the 1940s - 1970s?

Answer: The Cold War alliance with Western Europe led the United States to support many colonial powers

Question: Why was the "loss" of China to communism so upsetting to Americans?

Answer: All of the above

Question: All of the following events related to the Korean War are true EXCEPT

Answer: An armistice was never officially signed

Question: What percent of Americans were investing in the stock market prior to the crash?

Answer: 0.025

Question: Which group of Americans benefitted the least from the economic changes of the 1920s?

Answer: Southern farmers

Question: What was the consequence of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff of 1930?

Answer: International trade collapsed

Question: How did the Federal Reserve respond to the financial collapse?

Answer: Overcorrected by raising interest rates and tightening credit

Question: What is the definition of Herbert Hoover's "Associationalism?"

Answer: A system where businesses would voluntarily limit harmful business practices for the greater economic good

Question: What was the Bonus Army?

Answer: A group of World War I veterans who petitioned the government to make an early payment on bonuses scheduled to be released in 1945

Question: The environmental catastrophe of the Great Depression was partly the result of agricultural mismanagement. Which of the following was the most consequential example of this mismanagement?

Answer: Farmers plowed up natural ground cover to grow more crops, cover that had taken ages to form in the relatively dry sates of the Plains

Question: Which of the following statements regarding immigration during the Great Depression is true?

Answer: More people left the United States than entered it during the Great Depression

Question: Upon assuming office, how did Roosevelt respond to the collapsing bank system?

Answer: Declared a bank holiday and then pushed through the Emergency Banking Act

Question: Roosevelt tried to create relief for American farmers through the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA). What did the AAA do?

Answer: Aimed to raise the prices of agricultural commodities by offering cash incentives to voluntarily limit farm production, thereby increasing prices

Question: What did the Works Progress Administration do?

Answer: Put unemployed men and women to work on projects designed and proposed by local governments

Question: What was the most dramatic result of the 1938 Fair Labor Standards Act?

Answer: The creation of a national minimum wage

Question: Louisiana Senator Huey long criticized Roosevelt's New Deal programs for _____________

Answer: Failing to redistribute wealth

Question: Which of the following actions did FDR take to advance civil rights for African Americans?

Answer: None of these occurred

Question: What was FDR's "court-packing scheme"

Answer: An attempt to appoint up to six new justices who would be friendly to his interests

Question: Who organized the first sit-ins?

Answer: Students

Question: How did the first freedom ride end?

Answer: Angry mobs composed of KKK members attacked the riders in Birmingham, Alabama and burned one of the buses and beat the activists who escaped

Question: The Albany Movement, centered in Albany, Georgia, drew on Christian commitments to social justice and united all of the following Civil Rights groups EXCEPT

Answer: The Southern Baptist Convention

Question: President Johnson proposed the Voting Rights Act of 1965 partially in response to what event in Selma, Alabama

Answer: "Bloody Sunday," the beating of peaceful marchers by police officers

Question: In the mid-1960s, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) experienced a transformation. This transformation included all of the following EXCEPT

Answer: Merging with the Black Panther Party

Question: The Civil Rights Act of 1968 focused on what primary issue

Answer: Outlawing discrimination in housing

Question: The 1968 Democratic National Convention included massive protests and violent reprisals by police. Where did this convention meet?

Answer: Chicago

Question: Advertisers in the 1960s innovated by beginning to emphasize which of the following traits as a means of selling products?

Answer: All of the above

Question: Which group first promoted the idea that drug use could remedy feelings of alienation?

Answer: Scientists

Question: The National Indian Youth Council (NIYC) differed from the National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) because the NIYC

Answer: Employed direct action tactics and more combative rhetoric

Question: Betty Friedan's Feminine Mystique focused on what primary issue

Answer: Feelings of dissatisfaction with life as a housewife

Question: What was the subject of Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring?

Answer: Environmental dangers of pesticides

Question: What did Lyndon Johnson call his domestic program?

Answer: Great Society

Question: The cornerstone of Lyndon Johnson's War on Poverty was which program?

Answer: Community Action

Question: What caused the Cuban Missile Crisis?

Answer: All of the Above

Question: How did the United States respond to the independence movement in Vietnam?

Answer: Opposed Vietnamese independence and supported French attempts to retain its colonial control

Question: All of the following are true about the Gulf of Tonkin incident and the ensuing resolution EXCEPT

Answer: The Johnson administration distorted the incident to provide a pretext for escalating American involvement in Vietnam

Question: What happened at My Lai?

Answer: U.S. troops massacred hundreds of civilians

Question: What was the intention of the War Powers Resolution?

Answer: Reduce the president's ability to wage war without congressional consent

Question: Roe v. Wade, the court case that legalized abortion hinged on what legal idea?

Answer: Right of privacy

Question: The Stonewall incident that catalyzed the gay rights movement occurred when __________

Answer: Bar patrons in New York City protested a police raid

Question: Who was the leader of the movement to stop the Equal Rights Amendment?

Answer: Phylis Schlafly

Question: The Kerner Commission explained urban riots as the result of which of the following

Answer: Black frustration with the hopelessness of urban poverty

Question: Black frustration with the hopelessness of urban poverty

Answer: More and more saw poverty from the failure of individuals to take full advantage of the American system

Question: All of the following led to the economic development of the Sun Belt EXCEPT

Answer: A resurgence in southern agriculture

Question: What was the "Nixon Doctrine?"

Answer: A military policy of détente

Question: What initially sparked the 1973 energy crisis?

Answer: OPEC's embargo of oil exports to the United States in retaliation for American intervention in the Middle East

Question: What was the primary political issue that Carter used in his presidential campaign?

Answer: Carter's campaign focused less on issues than on his background as a hardworking, honest, Southern Baptist southerner

Question: Which of the following resulted from American commitments to free trade?

Answer: The relocation of American manufacturing overseas

Question: What was the primary guiding principle of Carter's foreign policy during his early years in office?

Answer: Human Rights

Question: Which of the following phrases best describes "Reagan Democrats?"

Answer: Blue-collar voters who lost faith in the liberal creed

Question: How did racism influence the growth of the modern Republican Party?

Answer: Democrats took the lead in passing civil rights legislation, pushing many white Americans toward the Republican Party

Question: The Religious Right built a powerful coalition that united conservative evangelicals with what other influential voting group?

Answer: Conservative Catholics

Question: How did Jimmy Carter respond to the economic crises of the late 1970s?

Answer: Using approaches championed by conservatives including deregulation, spending cuts, and tax cuts

Question: How did Ronald Reagan win over the Religious Right?

Answer: Denouncing abortion and prayer in schools

Question: How did Reagan's first budget immediately impact the national debt?

Answer: The national debt increased dramatically

Question: All of the following aspects of the Tax Reform Act of 1986 are true EXCEPT:

Answer: Increased federal revenues

Question: Thirty-seven year old white engineer, Bernard Goetz shot and seriously wounded four black teenagers on a subway car because he suspected the young men-armed with screwdrivers- planned to rob him. What percentage of white New Yorkers sympathized with Goetz?

Answer: 0.9

Question: Which of the following industries experienced the most economic growth under Reagan?

Answer: Financial Services

Question: Why was the federal government slow to respond to the AIDS crisis?

Answer: The issue disproportionately affected gay Americans, a marginalized group

Question: Which of the following best describes the "Reagan Doctrine?

Answer: The United States committed to supplying aid to anti-communist forces everywhere in the world

Question: Which of the following statements regarding the Iran Contra Affair are true?

Answer: The goal was to raise money to support the anti-Sandinista government in Nicaragua

Question: Which leader of the Soviet Union advocated the projects of glasnost and perestroika?

Answer: Mikhail Gorbachev

Question: The presidential election of 1984 convinced the Democratic Party that its future lied with what group?

Answer: Upwardly mobile professionals and suburbanites

Question: The Dow Jones Industrial Average-which stood at 950 in 1981-reached _______ by the end of Reagan's second term.

Answer: 2239

Question: Before turning to military expansionism, Japanese leaders were also considering which of the following strategies?

Answer: Pan-Asian anti-colonialism

Question: Which of the following statements are true regarding Soong May-ling, known to the public as Madame Chiang?

Answer: Her American education made her an effective diplomat in Chinese-American relations.

Question: Hitler and Mussolini helped to topple which government in Spain?

Answer: Communists

Question: Britain and France declare war on Germany after which invasion?

Answer: Invasion of Poland

Question: Which of the following best characterized German military tactics?

Answer: Speed and maneuverability

Question: Why did Hitler stop the Blitz in June 1941?

Answer: Germany needed the resources of the Luftwaffe to invade the Soviet Union

Question: Roughly ___________ of all German casualties in World War II came in the battle against the Soviet Union.

Answer: 0.8

Question: The United States responded to Japanese aggression in the Pacific with the 1940 American Neutrality Act. What did this Act attempt to do?

Answer: Applying economic pressure to Japan to deter military expansion.

Question: Which Allied nation was the first to reach Berlin?

Answer: Soviet Union

Question: After the Victory in Europe, the United States suffered a setback in the Pacific. What was the setback?

Answer: The surrender of American forces in the Phillipines.

Question: Approximately how many civilians were killed by the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki?

Answer: 180000

Question: What was the top tax rate during World War II?

Answer: 0.94

Question: Approximately how many women served in the military during World War II?

Answer: 350000

Question: What prompted President Roosevelt to pass Executive Order 8802?

Answer: The planned march on Washington led by A. Philip Randolh

Question: Of the over 110,000 Japanese-descended Americans who were detained in internment camps, approximately how many were American citizens?

Answer: 70000