C H O N P

Macromolecules

Large molecules made up of smaller repeated units

Monomers

Smaller units on the large molecule found in macromolecules

Polymer

Chains of monomers which form the macromolecule

Carbohydrate (CHO)

Starch, cellulose, glucose, glycogen and other sugars; composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Lipids (CHO)

Storage for energy,
fats, oils, waxes; composed of
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Proteins (CHON)

controls rate of chemical reactions, regulates cell processes, Proteins and amino acids;
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

Amino acids

Arranged in various orders from proteins

Nucleic Acids (CHONP)

DNA and RNA
composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus

DNA

Hereditary material, present in the nucleus.
(deoxyribonucleic acid)

RNA

Controls protein synthesis, present in ribosomes and nucleolus.
(Ribonucleic acid)

-ose

What do carbohydrates often end in?

-ase or -in

What do proteins often end in?

amino acids

What are the building blocks of proteins?

CHON

What elements are found in proteins?

monosaccharides or sugar

What are the building blocks of carbohydrates?

CHO

What elements are found in carbohydrates?

glycerol and fatty acids

What are the building blocks of lipids?

CHO

What elements are found in lipids?

nucleotides

What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?

CHONP

What are the elements found in nucleotides?

glucose, sucrose (table sugar), amylose (plant starch); glycogen (animal starch); celluose

What are examples of carbohydrates?

fats, oils, and waxes

What are examples of lipids?

enzymes (lipase, amylase, pepsin, trypsin), insulin (regulates blood sugar), hemoglobin (carries oxygen)

What are examples of proteins?

DNA and RNA

What are examples of nucleic acids?

carry genetic information from generation to generation; control what goes on in the cell

Why are nucleic acids important? What is their function?

enzymes run reactions in the cell; proteins transport materials like oxygen and carbon dioxide; proteins help to fight infections (antibodies)

Why are proteins important? What is their function?

energy source; in plants cellulose makes up the cell wall

Why are carbohydrates important? What is their function?

long-term energy storage; insulation, cushion organs, important in cell membranes

Why are lipids important? What is their function?

contain carbon and hydrogen

What are organic molecules?

carbohydrates

Which molecules have a 2:1 ratio of hydrogen to oxygen?carbohydrates

Organic

contains carbon and hydrogen

glucose