James Hutton Is Associated Primarily With

Frameshift mutations are more likely to have an impact at the phenotypic level because they:
Question 8 options:

are the result of a change in a single nucleotide.

are the result of exposure to radiation.

produce a protein having no function.

are mobile pieces of DNA.

produce a protein having no function

The advantageous "attributes" to which Darwin refers are now known as:
Question options:

traits.

genes.

alleles.

chromosomes.

traits

Adaptive radiation occurs when:
Question options:

one species gives rise to multiple closely related species.

several species adapt to one environment.

species adapt to environments with high radiation levels.

an individual adapts to varying environments.

one species gives rise to multiple closely related species.

Evolutionary synthesis is:
Question options:

the concept of evolution through natural selection.

a unified theory of evolution that combines genetics with natural selection.

a combination of the inheritance of acquired characteristics and natural selection.

the combination of the theory of evolution and Linnaean taxonomy.

a unified theory of evolution that combines genetics with natural selection.

Thomas Malthus's contribution to natural selection is the:
a. binomial taxonomic system of naming species.
b. theory that the earth's old age is based on geologic evidence resulting from cataclysmic
events.
c. observation that an abundance of food would allow a population to increase geometrically
and indefinitely, but there simply is not enough food, so populations are limited by food
supply.
d. theory that environmental resources increase to population pressures.

c. observation that an abundance of food would allow a population to increase geometrically
and indefinitely, but there simply is not enough food, so populations are limited by food
supply.

Darwinian evolution proposes that:
a. species adapt and change over time based on the environment.
b. an individual can change within its own lifetime.
c. species adapt based on individual goals.
d. individuals determine their own biological adaptations.

a. species adapt and change over time based on the environment.

James Hutton is associated primarily with:
a. adaptation.
b. catastrophism.
c. uniformitarianism.
d. principles of heredity.

c. uniformitarianism.

According to Darwin, natural selection operates at the level of:
a. individuals.
b. genes.
c. populations.
d. species.

a. individuals.

How was Darwin influenced by Thomas Malthus's work on population growth?
a. Darwin was interested in Malthus's examination of population changes in pea plants.
b. Darwin was influenced by Malthus's work on demography and population responses to
food availability.
c. Darwin liked the concept of Latin taxonomic classification as it pertained to human
groups.
d. Darwin was greatly influenced by research on acquired characteristics.

b. Darwin was influenced by Malthus's work on demography and population responses to
food availability.

The forces of evolution include:
a. gene flow, mutations, chromosomes, and genes.
b. mutations, genes, and genetic drift.
c. natural selection, variation (mutation) gene flow, and genetic drift.
d. natural selection, genes, alleles, and chromosomes.

c. natural selection, variation (mutation) gene flow, and genetic drift.

How did Lamarck contribute to the theory of evolution?
a. He discovered genetic mutation through experiments with pea plants.
b. He proposed the concept of natural selection after his voyage to the Galapagos Islands and his study of finches.
c. He proposed the first serious model of how traits are passed on from parent to offspring
through inheritance of acquired characteristics, though that idea turned out to be incorrect.
d. He proposed a concept known today as gene flow.

c. He proposed the first serious model of how traits are passed on from parent to offspring
through inheritance of acquired characteristics, though that idea turned out to be incorrect.

The scientist who coined the name Homo sapiens for human beings and placed them in a higher taxonomic group (primates) was:
a. Charles Darwin.
b. Georges Cuvier.
c. Carolus Linnaeus.
d. Robert Hooke.

c. Carolus Linnaeus.

In your textbook, the lower frequency of sickle-cell anemia among present-day Americans of West African ancestry as compared to people living in West Africa blacks is attributed to:
a. genetic drift.
b. gene flow.
c. new mutations.
d. none of the above

b. gene flow.

Why are Darwin's finches considered good examples of natural selection?
a. They are found on every continent.
b. They originated in North America, according to fossil evidence.
c. They embody the idea of descent with modification.
d. They did not differ between populations.

c. They embody the idea of descent with modification.

Linnaeus's taxonomic system is referred to as a "hierarchy" because:
a. each species has a "higher level" genus and "lower level" species, and are placed within
additional higher level categories.
b. species are placed in a ranked list called the "Great Chain of Being."
c. humans are considered the most evolved species.
d. naming species officially requires approval of an appointed board of high-level experts.

a. each species has a "higher level" genus and "lower level" species, and are placed within
additional higher level categories.

Gene flow differs from genetic drift because gene flow is:
a. a random change in the frequency of alleles due to isolation or migration of smaller
populations.
b. random change in a gene or chromosome.
c. the guiding force of evolution.
d. the spread of new genetic material from one gene pool to another.

d. the spread of new genetic material from one gene pool to another.

Question 1 Unsaved
The scientist whose work provided the foundation for later understandings of genetics was:
Question 1 options:

John Ray.

Gregor Mendel.

Charles Darwin.

Robert Hooke.

Gregor Mendel

Cuvier, Lamarck, and Erasmus Darwin all shared an idea of evolution; however, their ideas all lacked:
the longevity necessary for evolution to take place.
a basic understanding of inheritance.
an understanding of variation.
d. a mechanism for evolutionary change.

d. a mechanism for evolutionary change.

The geneticist who studied the workings of fruit flies' chromosomes was:
Question 5 options:

Charles Darwin.

Gregor Mendel.

Thomas Hunt Morgan.

Thomas Huxley.

Thomas Hunt Morgan.

Question 6 Unsaved
Without the work of x-ray crystallographer _______, DNA might not have been discovered for some time longer than it was.
Question 6 options:

James Watson

Francis Crick

Thomas Malthus

Rosalind Franklin

Rosalind Franklin

Question 7 Unsaved
Charles Darwin's book On the Origin of Species (1859) was considered an important contribution to modern science because it:
Question 7 options:

coined the concept of evolution.

synthesized information from diverse scientific fields in order to document evolutionary change.

was immediately and widely accepted by the scientific community as the mechanism for evolutionary change.

proposed the use of the scientific method for the first time.

synthesized information from diverse scientific fields in order to document evolutionary change.

Uniformitarianism is the theory that:
Question 9 options:

the earth is very old, based on geologic evidence from stratigraphic layers in Scotland.

the natural processes operating today are the same as the natural processes that operated in the past.

the uniformity of species is derived from the common ancestor of all species.

processes such as earthquakes are evidence supporting catastrophism as proposed by Lamarck.

the natural processes operating today are the same as the natural processes that operated in the past.

Question 10 Saved
James Hutton:
Question 10 options:

extensively studied fossils.

revealed that fossils would provide the history of past life.

created the first scientific classification of plants and animals.

provided geologic evidence necessary for calculating the time span of evolution.

provided geologic evidence necessary for calculating the time span of evolution.

Mendel's plant experiments demonstrated that:
Question 1 options:

traits inherited from each parent blended together in the offspring.

DNA was the molecule carrying the genetic code.

peas were a poor choice for understanding basic hereditary principles.

traits are passed on from parent to offspring as discrete units.

traits are passed on from parent to offspring as discrete units.

Darwin observed that adaptations:
Question 2 options:

resulted from supernatural forces.

did not vary among Galápagos finches living in different habitats.

were physical traits that enhanced survival and reproduction.

were peripheral to evolutionary change.

were physical traits that enhanced survival and reproduction.

Thomas Hunt Morgan:
Question 3 options:

demonstrated that chromosomes carry genetic material in the form of genes.

studied mutations in Homo sapiens.

thought change was gradual and occurred over long time periods.

proposed the theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics.

demonstrated that chromosomes carry genetic material in the form of genes.

Fossils represent the remains of once-living:
Question 6 options:

extant species that tell the story of human origins.

extinct organisms that provide a record of the history of life on the planet.

plants that provide proof of catastrophism.

organisms that demonstrate the age of the earth through the process of uniformitarianism.

extinct organisms that provide a record of the history of life on the planet.

Question 9 Unsaved
The individual genotypes in a breeding population, taken as a whole, are the:
Question 9 options:

gene pool.

DNA.

phenotype.

polygene.

gene pool.

Why is the work of Alfred Russell Wallace considered when discussing the theory of evolution?
Question 3 options:

He was an English naturalist who had arrived at many of the same conclusions as Darwin through his own research.

His work is not considered, as he was mistakenly credited with the theory of natural selection.

He was a British dog breeder who worked on artificial selection experiments in the same way Mendel worked on sweet peas to determine inheritance.

He was the most prominent scientist of the time who opposed Darwin's work on evolution.

He was an English naturalist who had arrived at many of the same conclusions as Darwin through his own research.

Which of the following is NOT a cause of evolution in a population?
Question 5 options:

inheritance of acquired traits

mutation

gene flow

genetic drift

inheritance of acquired traits

Question 7 Unsaved
The relevance of the theory of uniformitarianism is that it:
Question 7 options:

supports the theory of catastrophism.

proves that changes to the earth were caused by cataclysmic events like earthquakes and floods.

allowed the understanding of evidence of change in the geological past by understanding what we see in the present day.

demonstrates that the earth is 4.4 billion years old, based on geologic evidence from stratigraphic layers.

allowed the understanding of evidence of change in the geological past by understanding what we see in the present day.

Question 5 Unsaved
The English scientist who independently co-discovered the theory of natural selection was:
Question 5 options:

Charles Lyell.

Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck.

Alfred Russell Wallace.

Carolus Linnaeus.

Alfred Russell Wallace.

Somatic cells include all of the following EXCEPT:
Question 1 options:

lung cells.

gametes.

skin cells.

neurons.

gametes.

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) differs from ribonucleic acid (RNA) in that it:
Question 2 options:

was studied during Darwin's lifetime.

is the so-called recipe for all biological characteristics and functions in animals.

was discovered by Mendel.

is stored in ribosomes.

is the so-called recipe for all biological characteristics and functions in animals.

The following are complementary bases in DNA:
Question 3 options:

adenine and thymine.

adenine and cytosine.

guanine and thymine.

guanine and uracil.

adenine and thymine.

Down syndrome can occur:
Question 4 options:

as a result of translocation during mitosis.

because of nondisjunction, which yields an extra chromosome.

most frequently in the offspring of women under the age of 40.

most frequently in the offspring of men under the age of 40.

because of nondisjunction, which yields an extra chromosome.

Question 5 Unsaved
Gametes are:
Question 5 options:

diploid.

haploid.

produced during mitosis.

somatic.

haploid.

Chromosome number is reduced during:
Question 6 options:

mitosis.

recombination.

translation.

meiosis.

meiosis.

Question 7 Unsaved
Proteins consist of:
Question 7 options:

genes.

RNA plus mRNA.

chains of DNA nucleotides.

chains of amino acids.

chains of amino acids.

DNA replication produces:
Question 8 options:

four identical daughter cells.

two identical copies of itself.

two single strands of DNA.

four single strands of DNA.

two identical copies of itself.

The presence of a recessive allele:
Question 9 options:

can always be determined from the phenotype.

can be masked in the phenotype.

is expressed in the phenotype alongside a dominant allele.

can never be expressed in the phenotype.

can be masked in the phenotype

Question 10 Unsaved
The expression of polygenic traits is:
Question 10 options:

never determined by the influence of environmental factors.

determined by genes at several loci.

determined by multiple genes at one locus.

determined solely by the influence of environmental factors.

determined by genes at several loci.

Meiosis results in the production of:
Question 1 options:

two gametes.

four gametes.

a single gamete.

none of the above

four gametes.

In his experiments with garden peas, Mendel found that one physical unit is inherited from the father and one from the mother. This provided evidence for:
Question 2 options:

Mendel's law of independent assortment.

Thomas Hunt Morgan's ideas of mutation.

Mendel's law of segregation.

Mendel's concept of nondisjunction.

Mendel's law of segregation.

Human ABO blood types are determined by:
Question 3 options:

regulatory genes.

multiple alleles.

multiple genes.

homeotic genes.

multiple alleles.

Question 4 Unsaved
In his work on pea plants, Mendel found that plant height was inherited independently of the type or color of the seed coat. This finding:
Question 4 options:

applies only to genes on the same chromosome.

demonstrates the law of independent assortment.

explains gene linkage.

explains inheritance only in simple organisms.

demonstrates the law of independent assortment.

Nucleotide bases in nuclear DNA include all of the following EXCEPT:
Question 5 options:

thymine.

adenine.

uracil.

cytosine.

uracil

Transcription:
Question 6 options:

occurs in the nucleus.

occurs in the ribosome.

results in the production of proteins.

results in the transformation of mitochondria.

occurs in the nucleus.

An individual that is homozygous at the locus that determines ABO blood type may have any of the following EXCEPT type _______ blood.
Question 7 options:

AB

O

A

B

AB

DNA:
Question 8 options:

is single stranded.

contains six different nucleotide bases.

directs cellular function.

contains the base uracil.

directs cellular function.

Transfer RNA:
Question 9 options:

seeks complementary triplet strands of mRNA codons.

contains codons that correspond to specific amino acids.

brings amino acids together to form polypeptide chains.

all of the above

all of the above

If two alleles influencing the expressed phenotype for a trait are equally expressed, this is an
example of:
Question 10 options:

polymorphism.

codominance.

pleiotropy.

Mendelian inheritance.

codominance.

RNA differs from DNA in that it uses:
Question 1 options:

uracil instead of adenine.

uracil instead of guanine.

guanine instead of uracil.

uracil instead of thymine.

uracil instead of thymine.

DNA is important for protein synthesis because it:
Question 2 options:

is the biological code for the production of hormones and enzymes.

serves as a template to which amino acids are attached in protein production.

provides the code to produce proteins.

transfers information from RNA to proteins.

transfers information from RNA to proteins.

When individuals of the same species are reproductively isolated, genetic differences may accumulate in sufficient number so that new species could emerge. Such an event would be an example of:
Question 6 options:

microevolution.

the founder effect.

equilibrium.

macroevolution.

macroevolution.

Another name for the evolutionary force called gene flow is:
Question 7 options:

the "founder effect."

"disruptive selection."

"admixture."

"transposition."

"admixture."

The type of selection that favored progressively larger brain size in human evolution is _______ selection.
Question 9 options:

natural

directional

stabilizing

disruptive

directional

Together, all of the alleles contained within a group of interbreeding individuals are known as a:
Question 10 options:

gene pool.

population.

clinal distribution.

polymorphism.

gene pool.

Mutations in DNA found in which cells are most likely to have significant evolutionary consequences?
Question 6 options:

sex cells (gametes)

red blood cells

skin pigment cells

brain cells

sex cells (gametes)

What effect does natural selection have on population variation?
Question 8 options:

It increases variation.

It decreases variation.

It both increases and decreases variation.

It does not affect variation.

It decreases variation.

The ABO and MN blood-type frequencies of the Dunkers differ significantly from those of current American and German populations due to:
Question 9 options:

genetic drift.

natural selection.

gene flow.

mutation.

genetic drift.

In his experiments with garden peas, Mendel found that one physical unit is inherited from the father and one from the mother. This provided evidence for:
Question options:

Mendel's law of independent assortment.

Thomas Hunt Morgan's ideas of mutation.

Mendel's law of segregation.

Mendel's concept of nondisjunction.

Mendel's law of segregation.

The physical location of a gene within the genome is called the:
Question 6 options:

chromosome.

nucleus.

address.

locus.

locus.

Evolution can best be defined as:
Question 8 options:

the appearance of a new species.

a change in allele frequencies in a breeding population over time.

changes in the DNA of an individual over his or her lifetime.

a process that occurs only over extremely long periods of time.

a change in allele frequencies in a breeding population over time.

Homologous chromosomes:
Question 1 options:

are genetically identical.

carry genetic information that influences the same traits.

are inherited only from the mother.

are members of different pairs.

carry genetic information that influences the same traits.

Question 6 Unsaved
A random change in allele frequencies over time is known as:
Question 6 options:

genetic drift.

gene flow.

admixture.

gene migration.

genetic drift.

Human and great ape diploid number

human 46
great ape 48