Self-Serving Bias Involves _____

Possible selves

who we hope to be in the future and who we hope not to become

Culture difference in a person's self concept reflect

collectivism and individualism

How is self esteem different from self concept?

Self esteem is subsumed under the idea of self concept and
self esteem is an evaluate component of self concept

narcissism

when a person's confidence level moves into the realm of arrogance

Scenario
in the middle of an exam, a student pauses momentarily and gives her herself a silent cheer: " you can do it. you can do it" ends up getting an A

BEING high in self efficacy

Concept of locus involes

when someone attributes an event as being something that is under their control or as being outside of their control

Martin Seligam Experiment

dogs in an experimental situation who appeared passive and depressed after being forbidden to escape an electric shock and did not try to escape from the shock when permitted to do so, was extrapolated and applied to humans who give up and do not try to better themselves when faced with overwhelming adversities.

What term did we learn from him?

learned helplessness

Regarding research on subjects who are presented with choices about which they can make decisions, there is evidence that shows that

subjects are more satisfied after having fewer possible choices than more choices.

Self-serving bias involves

the tendency to take credit for something when succeeding, and to blame others when one has failure experiences.

The results of research regarding rating one's self, compared to others, in numerous domains, show that people tend to

rate themselves as being better than average compared to other people.

The results from research on optimism shows that

people rate themselves in a manner that is unrealistically optimistic.

At the luncheon, Steven rambled on and on about his political views, thinking everyone at the table agreed. Little did he know, they were secretly groaning and rolling their eyes. Which of the following would this describe?

The false consensus effect.

The false uniqueness effect occurs when

a person thinks they are overly special for being talented or performing a good deed, not realizing that they are relatively common and not so great.

Research regarding self-serving bias has shown that displaying a self-serving bias can

be adaptive and protect a person from stress and negative moods.

Group-serving bias involves

attributing positive aspects to a group that a person is affiliated with, and negative aspects to those who are not part of a person's group.

Some people engage in _______________ behavior by not trying their best, on purpose, out of fear of failure, to avoid dealing with negative feelings that might arise if they were to try their hardest and it was not good enough to succeed.

self-handicapping

Considering that most people want others to view them in a positive light, the particular way in which we strive to view ourselves and the way in which we want others to view us pertains to our ________________.

self presentation

Someone who speaks their mind, as opposed to being a "yes-man" would be considered

low in self monitoring

Self concept refers to

a person's identity

Abbey has found that sometimes, men inappropriately attribute a woman's friendliness toward them as an expression of sexual interest in them. This can be seen as a

misattribution.

After instilling a specific belief in a group of participants, how can one reduce or eliminate belief perseverance?

Have the participants explain why an opposite belief might be true.

Shelly started working at a new job. When she met Ted for lunch a week later, she complained about her boss. Ted was surprised because Shelly had never complained about any bosses before and she was not generally a complainer. According to Harold Kelley's model, Ted believes Shelly's behavior shows

distinctiveness.

Maria is asked to prepare a speech on capital punishment and present it to her class, taking the point of view of being in favor of the death penalty. At the conclusion of the speech, her classmates are told that Maria was assigned the speech. The classmates are given a questionnaire, and the results show that they believe Maria is for the death penalty. This illustrates

the fundamental attribution error.

Which of the following techniques has been shown to successfully reduce the overconfidence bias?

Forcing people to consider disconfirming evidence.

Due to counterfactual thinking, which of the following statements is correct?

Bronze medalists exhibit more joy than silver medalists.

Some people are less motivated to help others who are receiving state aid because of

the fundamental attribution error.

Research has found that people remember past events more favorably after a period of time has passed, compared to how they felt when the events were actually happening. This is termed

rosy retrospection.

Bill was told that he was about to meet a warm person and then he enjoyed his interaction with that person, while Fred was told that he would meet a cold person, and then Fred did not feel comfortable in the presence of that person. This demonstrates

PRIMING

On the first day of class, when asked to predict what grade he would receive on the first midterm, Kevin said an "A." If Kevin was not an "A student," he response could be attributed to the

overconfidence phenomenon.

Thinking strategies that serve as mental short cuts are referred to as

heuristics.

If Josey believes that someone belongs to a group if they look or act like a typical member of that group, one could say that in her judgment and decision making, she was using

the representative heuristic.

When Stacey sees a young guy man driving down the street in a VW bug with a surfboard out the back of his car, and she thinks he is a surfer, she is using

the representative heuristic.

Use of heuristics may lead to

biases

After the Columbine shootings, people were more likely to overestimate the amount of teen violence occurring in schools and to fear school violence. This is because of

the availability heuristic.

After the movie Jaws came out, people were afraid to go into the ocean. This was due to

the availability heuristic.

"It always rains after I wash the car." This statement is an example of

an illusory correlation.

"No matter what line I'm in, it's always the longest." This statement is an example of a(n)

illusory correlation.

Todd believes that Wednesdays bring good luck. As it turns out, good things happen to Todd on Wednesdays. This could be

a self-fulfilling prophecy

When a belief leads to its own fulfillment, this is referred to as

a self-fulfilling prophecy.