When Two Amino Acids Combine Via A Dehydration Reaction

The smallest unit of an element that still retains the chemical and physical properties of that element is called

an isotope.
a nucleus.
an atom.
a molecular bond.
a neutrino.

atom

In an atom, the number of protons always equals the number

of electrons.
of neutrons.
of neutrons and protons.
of quarks.
of neutrinos.

electrons

How many elements occur naturally?

112
92
64
32
6

The atomic number of an atom is determined by the number of

protons.
neutrons.
electrons.
protons and neutrons.
protons and electrons.

protons

An element cannot be broken down by chemical means.

True
False

True

Why is He positioned above Ne in the periodic table?

They both have the same atomic mass.

They both have the same number of electrons in their outermost orbital.

They both have a full outermost orbital.

They both have the same atomic number.

They both have the same number of protons in their nuclei.

They both have a full outermost orbital.

Be has an atomic number of 4 and an atomic mass of 9. How many protons does it have?

4
5
9
13
7

What is the symbol for sodium?

Na
S
So
N
Dm

Which of the following elements will have more than 2 electrons and have a full outer orbital?

He
Ne
C
N
O

Isotopes of an element differ due to the number of

protons.
neutrons.
electrons.
both protons and electrons.
neutrinos.

neutrons

Carbon dating is a common method employed in dating certain kinds of fossils. It is based upon the radioactive decay of an isotope of carbon (C14). Referring to the atomic number of carbon attained from the periodic table, how many neutrons does C14 have?

2
4
8
12
14

What substance is used in medicine to produce various images of organs and tissues?

A mixture
A tracer
An emulsion
A colloid
A sensor

A tracer

Radiation can produce both positive and negative effects for humans.

True
False

True

A combination of two or more atoms of the same type is called

an atomic unit.
a molecule.
a compound.
an isotope.
an ion.

molecule

Ca3(PO4)2 represents a/an

element.
mixture.
compound.
isotope.
atom.

compound

Atoms that share electrons have what type of bonds?

covalent
neutral
hydrogen
colloidal
ionic

covalent

CaCl2 is a salt that forms as the result of what type of bond?

covalent
hydrogen
polar
non-polar
ionic

ionic

Water makes up 60-70% of total body weight.

True
False

True

Which type of bond is responsible for holding two water molecules together creating the properties of water?

hydrogen
covalent
ionic
polar
double covalent

hydrogen

Hydrogen bonds

result from the loss of neutrons by an atom.

result in the formation of salts.

involve the loss and gain of electrons.

involve the sharing of electrons.

are relatively weak and can be broken rather easily.

are relatively weak and can be broken rather easily.

The reason water is polar is because

in polar molecules atoms share electrons evenly.

the oxygen atom is larger than the hydrogen atom.

hydrophilic molecules interact with water.

hydrophobic molecules do not interact with water.

there is a transfer of electrons from the hydrogen to the oxygen.

the oxygen atom is larger than the hydrogen atom.

Which of the following characteristics of water is most responsible for the sinking of the Titanic?

Water is liquid at room temperature.

Water has a high heat of vaporization.

The temperature of liquid water rises and falls slowly.

Frozen water is less dense than liquid water.

Water molecules are cohesive.

Frozen water is less dense than liquid water.

On a warm day in April, Tina jumped into the swimming pool. To her surprise the water was really cold. Which property of water did she discover?

Water molecules are cohesive.

The temperature of liquid water rises and falls slowly.

Water possesses hydrogen bonds.

Water is a polar molecule.

Frozen water is less dense than liquid water.

The temperature of liquid water rises and falls slowly.

William noticed water mysteriously climbing up a capillary tube. This is an example of which property of water?

Frozen water is less dense than liquid water.

The temperature of liquid water rises and falls slowly.
Water molecules are cohesive.

Water has a high heat of vaporization.

Water is a solvent.

Water molecules are cohesive.

In an acidic solution

the number of H+ is less than the number of OH-.

the number of H+ is greater than the number of OH-.

the number of H+ is equal to the number of OH-.

the number of H+ is 3 times less than the number of OH-.

the number of H+ is 10 times less than the number of OH-.

the number of H+ is greater than the number of OH-.

A solution with a pH of 7 has 10 times as many H+ as a pH of 6.

True
False

False

A solution containing 0.00001 moles of H+ has a pH of

3.
5.
7.
9.
11.

The presence of a buffer in our blood is an example of homeostasis.

True
False

True

Joining small molecules (monomers) together to form longer chains (polymers) requires a process called

a hydrolysis reaction.

a dehydration reaction.

monomerization.

emulsification.

disassembly.

dehydration reaction

Which of the following is not one of the four classes of organic molecules found in cells?

vitamins

lipids

proteins

carbohydrates

nucleic acids

vitamins

In biology, calling something organic means that it was grown without the use of any type of herbicide.

True
False

False

NaCl is not an organic molecule.

True
False

False

After lunch our digestive system will use the process of hydrolysis to break the food down into smaller subunits.

True
False

True

A hydrolysis reaction involves the loss of water.

True
False

hydrolysis

Which grouping of elements is found in carbohydrates?

C - H - O

C - H - P

H - O - Cl

N - S - O

Ca - H - O

C - H - O

Sugars with three to seven carbon atoms are called

monosaccharides.

disaccharides.

trisaccharides.

polysaccharides.

steroids.

monosaccharides

If a person is looking to eat a breakfast that will help supply them with energy for the entire course of the day, which of the following foods would they want to include?

pancakes with maple syrup

bacon, eggs, and toast

cup of coffee and a donut

bowl of grapes and a glass of milk

All of these choices would provide the same potential for all day energy.

pancakes with maple syrup

Which of the following is not a monosaccharide?

glucose

fructose

galactose

maltose

None of these are monosaccharides.

maltose

Which polysacccharide is stored as an energy source in the body of animals?

glycogen

glucose

cellulose

starch

chitin

glycogen

What passes through the digestive tract as fiber or roughage?

Maltose

Glucose

Glycogen

Starch

Cellulose

Cellulose

Which of the following foods would be a good source of fiber?

All of these are good sources of fiber.

peaches

whole wheat bread

peanuts

bran cereal

All of these are good sources of fiber.

Which polysaccharide is branched the most?

cellulose

starch

glycogen

glucose

fructose

glycogen

Which polysaccharide is consumed as a source of fiber?

cellulose

glycogen

glucose

chitin

starch

cellulose

The main function of carbohydrates is for long-term energy storage.

True
False

False

Our body is capable of converting starch into glycogen.

True

False

True

Starch, cellulose, and glycogen are alike in that

they are all made of glucose.

they contain the same number of side chains.

they have the same types of bonds between the monomer units.

they are all found in animals.

they can all be digested by our bodies.

they are all made of glucose

A fat contains how many fatty acids?

1

2

3

4

5

How are fats, phospholipids, and steroids alike?

They are all solid at room temperature.

They each contain a polar phosphate group.

They each contain only 1 fatty acid.

They do not dissolve in water.

They all contain at least one carbon ring.

They do not dissolve in water

A fatty acid that contains only single bonds between the carbon atoms is considered

saturated.

unsaturated.

trans unsaturated.

a cholestrol.

a steroid.

saturated

Fats are usually of animal origin while oils are usually of plant origin.

True

False

True

The sex hormones belong to which category of lipids?

steroids

fats

oils

triglycerides

phospholipids

steroids

The membranes of cells are composed of

phospholipids.

fats.

oils.

steroids.

triglycerides.

phospholipids

Fats and oils function better than other biological molecules as energy-storage molecules because of the carbon they contain.

True

False

False

The monomer unit of a protein is

fatty acids.

amino acids.

monosaccharides.

polysaccharides.

nucleic acids.

amino acids

What makes each amino acid unique?

the central carbon

the R group

the amino group

the carboxyl group

the carbon ring

the R group

Which of the following is not a function of proteins?

quick energy

support

transport

enzymes

motion

quick energy

Why does a protein not function after it has been denatured?

The normal bonding between the R groups has been disturbed and the protein loses its normal shape.

The normal bonding between the beta sheets has been disturbed and the protein loses its normal shape.

The normal bonding between the hydrogens in the alpha helix has been disturbed and the protein loses its normal shape.

The R groups form additional bonds causing the structure to become more compact.

The normal peptide bonds are ruptured and the individual amino acids are not held together anymore.

The normal bonding between the R groups has been disturbed and the protein loses its normal shape.

An alpha helix or a beta sheet are examples of what level of protein structure?

secondary

primary

tertiary

quaternary

octagon

secondary

Which level of protein structure is characterized by alpha and beta sheets in which hydrogen bonding holds the shape in place?

secondary structure

primary structure

tertiary structure

quaternary structure

pentagonal structure

secondary structure

When two amino acids combine via a dehydration reaction,

a peptide bond is formed.

the R groups are lost.

water is added to begin the reaction.

the carboxyl group of each join together.

the amino group of each join together.

a peptide bond is formed.

The primary level of protein structure is composed of amino acids in a linear sequence joined by peptide bonds.

True

False

True

All amino acids are alike in that their R groups are polar.

True

False

False

The sides of the DNA ladder (backbone) are

alternating carbons and nitrogens.

the R groups.

the nitrogenous bases.

alternating nitrogens and phosphates.

sugars and phosphates.

sugars and phosphates

When an ATP molecule is used to supply energy, which of the following occurs?

a phosphate bond is added

a phosphate bond is broken

oxygen is removed

oxygen is added

an adenine is added

a phosphate bond is broken

Which of the following nitrogenous bases is NOT found in DNA?

cytosine

thymine

uracil

guanine

adenine

uracil

Which of the following is not present in a nucleotide?

phosphate

nitrogenous base

5 ring sugar

an R group

a pentose

an R group

A species has 29% of its DNA composed of the nucleotide containing guanine (G). What percent does the nitrogen base thymine (T) equal?

58%

42%

21%

67%

29%

21%

ATP carries energy in the form of high-energy

carbohydrate bonds.

peptide bonds.

lipid bonds.

phosphate bonds.

hydrogen bonds

phosphate bonds.

The function of RNA in the body is to store the genetic information in the nucleus.

True

False

False

ATP is called the energy currency of the body because it is a type of electricity.

True
False

False