Explain Three Ways That Grieving Experiences May Differ Among Individuals.

A family will likely experience institutional completeness if they live in a neighborhood in which they are the only family of their ethnic group.

False

Define gender identity.

Aspect of one's identity that involves the personal sense of being masculine or feminine.

Define gender roles.

Social expectations for how an individual should behave and think based on one's gender assignment.

Define ethnic identity.

Aspect of identity that involves the awareness and acceptance of being part of a particular ethnic group.

Define cultural identity.

Aspect of identity that involves identifying oneself as part of a specific culture.

What is the difference between gender and sex?

Gender is socially determined and expressed through cultural means while sex is biologically determined and expressed through physiological features.

What are gender schemas?

Ideas of male or female behavior.

When do individuals become well-aware of gender roles?

By puberty.

How are gender roles typically learned?

Through observation of others.

Who largely influences gender roles?

Society and family.

Who are androgynous people?

Individuals who demonstrate both masculine and feminine characteristics.

Do ethnic identities continuously develop over time?

Yes.

What is ethnic identity formation influenced by?

Family, personal experience, culture, and culture and family discrepancies.

What is a child's primary source of info. about their ethnic group and relationship to the dominant culture?

Their family.

What category do positive or negative encounters that influence one's ethnic identity fall under?

Personal experiences.

Why do some people believe that women suffer from gender inequality in this society?

Because gender roles are applied very traditionally by some.

Why is the family unit important to the development of ethnic identity?

The family unit must prepare an individual for societal stereotypes and acts of discrimination.

Define emerging adulthood.

A period of development between adolescence and becoming an independent and responsible adult.

Define menopause.

The end of a woman's period.

Define dementia.

An abnormal condition that initiates a progressive decline in cognitive activity.

When does adulthood occur?

18-mid 20s

What factors can explain new emerging adulthood?

-delayed marriage and parenthood
-longer participation in higher education
-increased limitation in attaining financial independence

What are the three common behaviors that occur during emerging adulthood?

-instability
-focus on identity exploration
-increased self-focus

What are possible causes of later identity exploration?

-individuals have more options available to guide decisions
-career and occupation focus intensifies

Are emerging adults generally optimistic or pessimistic about future possibilities and opportunities?

Optimistic.

Individuals in the __________ adulthood stage tend to feel more responsible, more capable, and more financially independent than adolescents, yet they feel less capable than adults.

emerging

What is the span of young adulthood?

Ages 20-40

What are the physical characteristics of young adulthood?

-reaction time and muscular strength peaks
-growth rate declines
-external signs of aging

What are the cognitive characteristics of young adulthood?

-intellectual ability and speed of info. processing remain stable
-contemplate contradictions and opposing viewpoints

What are the social and personality characteristics of young adulthood?

Increased focus on intimate relationships, family, career choices, and commitments.

What is the intimacy vs. isolation stage for young adults?

Conflict can lead one to either establish healthy relationships or feel isolated.

What is the span of middle adulthood?

Ages 40-65

What are the physical characteristics of middle adulthood?

-changes in vision
-brain tissue deteriorates
-hearing ability changes
-women experience menopause

What are the cognitive characteristics of middle adulthood?

-judgement and decision making improves
-memory recall decreases
-speed of info. processing and problem solving declines

What are the social and personality characteristics of middle adulthood?

-increase in awareness of mortality and life reflection
-career development peaks
-may deal w/ parents' needs and children transitioning into adulthood

What is the generativity vs. self-absorption stage for middle-aged adults?

Conflict can either lead one to feel productive and to guide younger generations or feel self-centered and passive.

What is the span of late adulthood?

Ages 65+

What are the physical characteristics of late adulthood?

-height and weight decreases
-risk for chronic diseases increase
-sensory perception decrease

What are the cognitive characteristics of late adulthood?

-cognitive speed and working memory ability decrease
-more cautious in decision making
-reasoning abilities decline

What are the social and personality characteristics of late adulthood?

-marital satisfaction increases
-travel decreases (60-80% of time at home)

What is the integrity vs. despair stage for late adults?

Conflict can either lead one to find sense of satisfaction with life experiences or experience resentment or disappointment.

What percentage of marriages end in divorce?

50%

What are the transition points (in order) that occur during adulthood?

Marriage, divorce, parenthood, empty nest, and death of a loved one.

Define midlife crisis.

A period of extreme psychological stress that is brought on by life events during middle age

Research indicates that generativity generally increases in middle age.

True.

Midlife crisis or transition is naturally accompanied by severe depression.

False.

Research indicates many adults experience emotional turmoil during their 40s.

False.

Some research indicates that all of the following personality traits tend to decrease with age except __________.
A. neuroticism
B. openness to experience
C. extraversion
D. agreeableness

D. Agreeableness.

Research indicates that the majority of adults experience a midlife crisis.

False.

An individual in middle adulthood often begins to experience which of the following changes?
A. pursuing new challenges
B. evaluating life's purpose
C. reflecting on personal mortality
D. developing intimate relationships

C. reflecting on personal mortality.

In general, which of the following is required for a successful marriage?
A. religion classes
B. premarital counseling
C. living together prior to marriage
D. none of these options are required for a successful marriage

D. None of these options are required for a successful marriage.

Margaret Mead's investigation of the Tchambuli culture demonstrated that gender roles are ___________.
A. rigid across cultures
B. similar in every culture
C. variable across cultures
D. undefinable in a culture

C. variable across cultures

Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development represent _____ adulthood stages.
A. three
B. two
C. four
D. five

A. three

Gender roles are generally more __________ for males than they are for females.
A. rigid
B. flexible
C. similar
D. discrete

A. rigid

Which of the following statements concerning emerging adulthood is accurate?
A. individuals in emerging adulthood are generally anxious about future opportunities.
B. emerging adulthood is a new developmental period identifying individuals who are developmentally delayed.
C. individuals in emerging adulthood are often still engaged in identity formation processes.
D. individuals in emerging adulthood are more likely to demonstrate more stable behavior than middle adults.

C. individuals in emerging adulthood are often still engaged in identity formation processes.

Explain three ways that grieving experiences may differ among individuals.

-one can hide grief or express grief openly to others.
-one may feel intense sorrow and loss during the grieving process, while others experience less intense feelings.
-one may grieve for longer periods of time, while others overcome their grief in a shorter amount of time.