The Choose Your Foods Tool Allows You To _______.

Which of the following is NOT a key nutrition concept?

The best way for people to obtain all the essential nutrients is to consume dietary supplements.

Which of the following is NOT a biological or physiological factor that influences a person's food choices?

Emotional stress level

Which of the following is NOT true about water?

Water is necessary for immune function

Which of the following statements is true?

In the United States, poor eating habits contribute to some of the ten leading causes of death.

Most Americans purchase less than recommended amounts of ________.

Fruits

Which of the following is NOT a requirement to become a registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN)?

Obtain a culinary certificate of training

An essential nutrient ___________

Must be supplied by the diet

Which of the following conditions is NOT a leading cause of death in the United States?

Tuberculosis

Studying nutrition is important to __________

learn about the nutritional value of foods and effects diet can have on health.

Which of the following conditions or diseases is a leading diet-related cause of death in the United States?

Stroke

Consuming a diet that supplies large amounts of certain types of fat increase one's risk of developing heart disease. Thus, a diet that supplies an excessive amount of such fats is a _______ for heart disease

Risk factor

Which of the following substances is a nutrient that does NOT supply any energy for the human body?

Vitamin D

Which of the following is NOT a major factor impacting a person's food choices?

Blood type

Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of phytochemicals?

Blueberries

Which of the following is typically NOT an environmental factor in what people eat?

Negative food-related experiences

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) issues the Healthy People report every ____ years.

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Most foods are mixtures of nutrients.

Which of the following factors has a major influence over a person's food choices?

Childhood experiences

Which of the following is NOT a common marketing tactic to encourage consumers to purchase manufactured foods?

Nutrition information posted next to fresh fruits and vegetables

A person must be _______ to make lasting changes to their food-related behaviors

motivated

Which of the following is a micronutrient?

Iron

Choosing foods based on religious teachings is an example of ______ factors influencing eating habits.

Cognitive

Which of the following substances is a macronutrient?

Protein

Which of the following is NOT a reason dietary recommendations undergo revisions?

Nutrition is an exact science

In the United States, consumers eat more _____ than recommended

Protein foods

A small apple supplies approximately 40,000

calories (lowercase c)

Which of the following foods is NOT a rich natural source of phytochemicals?

Lean meat

Which of the following foods is both energy and nutrient-dense?

Peanut butter

Per serving, which of the following foods is the most energy-dense?

4-ounce chocolate doughnut

Which of the following is NOT included in the Healthy People report?

International goals and measurable objectives to guide evidence-based policies

Which of the following lifestyle choices is the primary cause of preventable cancer deaths in the United States?

Smoking cigarettes

Which of the following describe a conditionally essential nutrient?

All of the choices are correct.

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

In order for a dietary supplement to be on the market, all research studies on the supplement must show a beneficial effect on health.

Which of the following statements is true?

Nutrient-deficiency diseases develop when diets lack essential nutrients

Scientists who investigate lifestyle factors that influence the prevalence of obesity among different population groups are conducting a(n) _____ study

Epidemiological

Phil is a participant in a study designed to examine the effects of taking a dietary supplement on muscle tissue development. Phil suspects he is in the experimental group, because he is certain his muscles are bigger and stronger as a result of taking the product supplied by the researchers. When the study is completed, Phil learns that he did not receive the dietary supplement. Phil thinks the researchers made a mistake--he is certain his muscle mass increased while he took the supplement. According to this information, Phil's belief that his physical condition improved while he participated in the study is an example of ____

The placebo effect

Dr. Joseph Goldberger's scientific finding about the cause of pellagra was not welcomed by members of the medical community.

True

Which of the following are common signs or symptoms of pellagra?

Mental confusion and scaly skin sores

Derek takes protein supplements before and after his workouts. He told his workout partner that he became 200% stronger within a couple of months after he added the supplements to his diet. His report about the effects of the supplements is an example of a(n) ________.

Anecdote

Zack takes 500 mg of vitamin C daily. He advises his friends to take vitamin C supplements because, he claims, the vitamin protects him from cold viruses. His claim about the usefulness of the vitamin is an

Ancedote

Pellagra is an infectious disease

False

During an online interview, Dr. Ima Quack provides the following statement, "Most Americans suffer from nutritional-deficiency diseases and will develop cancer within the next 10 years because they are not taking my megavitamin formula therapy." Dr. Quack's statement is an example of a(n) _______.

Scare tactic

A popular podcast includes interviews with "experts" on topics related to sports nutrition. If the podcast expert has the credentials _____ after his or her name, the expert is likely to be a reliable source of nutrition information.

RDN

Which of the following observations is an example of a positive correlation?

When women gain less weight than average during pregnancy, the birth-weights of their babies tend to be lower than average

A group of scientists conducts a scientific study to investigate dietary factors that influence the development of breast cancer. Which of the following activities is NOT likely to be a component of their research efforts?

Posting findings at the main researcher's personal website

Which of the following statements is false?

The internet is generally a reliable source of nutrition information, because information posted at websites has been peer-reviewed

Which of the following statements is true?

Scientific studies to investigate the same question can have different findings

Which of the following observations is an example of a positive correlation?

When a group of 6-year-old children increase their physical activity level to 60 minutes a day, the children's muscle mass increases.

Generally, epidemiological studies

Cannot determine cause and effect relationships

The professional football star Andro "The Man" McGraw claims the dietary supplement AminoProFix helped him build muscle mass quickly and safely. His endorsement of the product is an example of ________

a testimonial

Which of the following observations is an example of an inverse correlation?

Women who smoke 5 or more cigarettes each day during pregnancy are more likely to give birth to underweight babies than women who smoke fewer than 5 cigarettes a day during pregnancy.

Actress Lotta Talent appears in commercials endorsing the herbal supplement hoodia for weight loss. Her endorsement is an example of a(n) ______

Testimonial

A group of registered dietitian nutritionists is planning to conduct a scientific study to investigate the effects of eating honey on behavior in school-aged children. To start, the researchers will

Make observations

A group of scientists suspects that certain dietary practices are partially responsible for different rates of hypertension among adults of different ethnic/racial groups. To test their hypothesis, the researchers examine data concerning the different population groups' hypertension rates and their past dietary practices. This research is a ________ study.

Retrospective

Which of the following websites is most likely a source of biased and unreliable nutrition information?

dietsnomore4u.com

Which of the following observations is an example of a positive correlation?

When a population's vitamin D intake decreases, the percentage of people in the population that have healthy immune systems decreases.

An online advertisement for a weight-loss product includes before and after photos of a woman who supposedly lost 50 pounds in 3 weeks while taking the product. The bottom of the ad includes the statement, "Results are not typical." This statement is an example of a(n) ________.

Disclaimer

Which of the following sources of information features peer-reviewed articles?

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

A group of nutrition researchers interviews 100 adults who have heart disease to determine whether there is an association between consuming diets low in fiber during adolescence and developing heart disease in adulthood. This study is an example of a ________ study.

Retrospective

Which of the following statements is true?

The First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution often protects people who spread nutrition misinformation

Which of the following statements is true?

In general, registered dietitian nutritionists are reliable sources of nutrition information

Which of the following statements is true?

A scientists's professional affiliations and sources of financial support may influence his or her research findings

Over a 2-year period, a team of scientists records the eating behaviors and physical activity patterns of a group of healthy 8-year-old children to determine whether these factors are associated with weight gain. This study is an example of a(n) ________ study.

Prospective

A group of scientists would like to determine lifestyle factors that are associated with the development of asthma among American children. Based on this information, the researchers should design a(n) ________ study.

Epidemiological

The first step in the scientific method is to

make observations and ask questions

The physician who studied pellagra in 1914 was

Joseph Goldberger

The government agency that enforces consumer protection laws by investigating false or misleading health-related claims is the

Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

An online magazine article about weight-loss diets includes false information about the process of digestion that uses scientific-sounding terms to make it seem factual. The faulty information is an example of

Pseudoscience

Having a control group enables researchers to

Compare findings of the control group with those of the experimental group

The vitamin effective in treating pellagra is

Niacin

The food plans available at www.myplate.gove are based solely on age, sex, and estimated level of physical activity

False

Which of the following statements are true?

The traditional Mediterranean diet supplies more olive oil and fish than the traditional American diet

The Choose Your Foods Tool allows you to

Estimate your carbohydrate intake

Which of the following topics is one of the four overarching guidelines of the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

Focus on meeting food group needs with nutrient-dense foods and beverages, and stay within calorie limits

Which of the following sources of oils would be recommended as part of a healthy diet?

Avocado

Which of the following topics is one of the four overarching guidelines of the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

Follow a healthy dietary pattern at every life stage

Foods that are "high fiber" supply ______ or more fiber per serving

5 grams

According to the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, a healthy eating pattern includes foods ________.

from all five food groups and oils but limits saturated fats, added sugars, and sodium

Which of the following statements is true?

Most food guides classify eggs in the protein foods group

The label on a bag of salt-free pretzels indicates that the chips are "low-fat." This means the pretzels provide ________ gram(s) of fat or less per serving.

The Dietary Guidelines are updated by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Agriculture about every ________ years.

According to the MyPlate guidelines, fruits and vegetables should account for about ________ of the food on a person's plate.

one-half

A diet that supplies adequate amounts of nutrients prevents _______.

nutrient-deficiency disorders

According to the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, most healthy adults should limit their daily sodium intake to less than ________ mg/day.

2300

Which of the following statements is true?

Conventional farming systems have limited restrictions on the use of fertilizers

Which of the following does NOT affect nutrient needs?

Ethnicity

Which of the following statements is true?

The adult AMDR for carbohydrates is 45 to 65% of total energy intake

Food guides usually classify sunflower and other seeds in the _____ group.

protein

A food product may use the USDA "Organic" seal if it contains at lease ____ organic ingredients.

95%

Javier wants to eat enough salad greens in one meal to equal 1 cup of vegetables. How much of the greens should he eat?

2 cups

Kristan uses %DVs to help plan nutritious menus with various packaged foods. She should try to obtain at least 100% of the Daily Value for which of the following nutrients?

Fiber

A nutrient requirement is the smallest amount of a nutrient that maintains a defined level of nutritional health.

True

According to the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, added sugar intake should be limited to less than ________% of total daily calories

Which of the following statements is a health claim that the FDA allows on a food package?

"While many factors affect heart disease, diets low in saturated fat may reduce the risk of this disease."

According to the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, saturated fat intake should be limited to less than ________% of total daily calories.

The process of adding vitamins A and D to milk is called fortification

True

Which of the following statements is true?

The Choose Your Foods Tool can be used to estimate the carbohydrate content of foods.

A refined grain product that has iron, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folic acid added to replace amounts lost during processing has been _______,

enriched

Which of the following statements is true?

People can have energy needs that are higher or lower than the Estimated Energy Requirement.

An organic farming operation would not use natural pest management strategies

False

Dietary recommendations for _______ were not addressed in the guidelines prior to the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans.

infants, birth through 24 months

Use of certain medications may increase an individual's nutrient needs.

True

Which of the following statements is true?

Daily Values are dietary standards developed for food labeling purposes.

Hispanic, Mediterranean, and Asian Diets, traditionally include small amounts of _______.

animal foods

Which of the following standards can help you compare nutritional contents of packaged foods to make more healthful choices?

%DVs

The Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee prepares a Scientific Report that typically contains recommendations for the development of the final Dietary Guidelines for Americans.

True

To establish a nutrient's RDA, nutrition scientists add ________ of the nutrient to its EAR.

a "margin of safety" amount

The _______ is the middle segment of the small intestine.

jejunum

Chyme moves from the stomach into the

duodenum

The ______ is the third segment of the small intestine.

ileum

Lucia's three-year old daughter has been vomiting frequently over the past two hours and she is worried. Lucia is trying to decide whether or not to contact her daughter's pediatrician. Which of the following would be reasons to contact the pediatrician's office?

All of the choices are correct

Parietal cells secrete ions that form ________ in the stomach.

hydrochloric acid

The ileocecal sphincter is located between the ileum and

ascending colon

Live microorganisms that help control the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the large intestine are known as prebiotics.

False

Which of the following conditions is characterized by inflammation and swelling of the intestinal tract?

Ulcerative colitis or Crohn's Disease

Starting as chyme enters the large intestine, which of the following lists the correct order of the sections of the large intestine?

Cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon

Which of the following cells of the large intestine secrete mucus?

Goblet cells

Chyme is the

semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach

The ________ is a flap-like piece of tissue responsible for keeping a swallowed piece of food from entering the trachea.

epiglottis

Which of the following statements is true?

Heartburn often results when the lower esophageal sphincter fails to close properly

A primary function of the digestive system is the

breakdown of food into nutrients

Which of the following is an example of mechanical digestion in the GI tract?

Chewing food up into smaller pieces in the mouth

The condition in which a person cannot detect any odors is called

Anosima

The enzyme ________ breaks the disaccharide maltose into its two molecules of glucose.

Maltase

The innermost layer of the wall of the GI tract is the

mucosa

April is starting to train for hotdog eating contests. She is curious about the maximum capacity of the stomach. About what is believed to be the maximum capacity of the stomach?

16 cups

After moving through the ileocecal sphincter, unabsorbed water and undigested remains of chyme enter the jejunum.

False

The ________ sphincter is located between the stomach and small intestine.

pyloric

Which of the following compounds is not secreted by the human stomach?

Bile

The surface area of the small intestine is about the size of

a regulation singles tennis court

The ________ helps form feces by absorbing excess water and some minerals from chyme.

large intestine

Which of the following typically acts as a probiotic?

Yogurt

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome often includes making dietary changes and

learning stress management strategies

Small amounts of food move from the back of the mouth and through the esophagus by involuntary muscular movements called

peristalsis

The ________ is important for transporting absorbed nutrients from the GI tract to the liver.

hepatic portal vein

Which of the following is not a function of cholecystokinin?

Control the secretion of mucus by the mucus cells

The process of digesting food begins in the

mouth

Risk factors for constipation include all of the following except

drinking too much water

The ________ is an accessory organ of the digestive system.

pancrease

All of the following are examples of fermented foods except

quinoa

Which of the following substances is secreted by the human stomach?

Gastric juice

Absorption of _______ occurs in the large intestine.

water and minerals

Antibiotic usage often leads to microflora imbalance in the digestive tract.

True

Which of the following organs is not an accessory organ of the digestive system?

Brain

The hormone _______ is secreted in response to food entering the stomach. This hormone stimulates the secretion of HCl and pepsinogen.

gastrin

Which of the following statements about sphincters is false?

When a sphincter relaxes, the passageway closes to prevent movement of GI contents.

Approximately _______ of individuals experiencing symptoms from COVID-19 report that they cannot smell and/or taste food.

40%

Which of the following foods typically acts as a prebiotic?

whole grains

Yolanda is eating a peanut butter and jelly sandwich for lunch. She has taken a bite of the sandwich and begun chewing the sticky sandwich. Once the bite of sandwich has been chewed, moistened, and mixed with saliva, it is called

a bolus

Peristalsis is a voluntary response.

False