What Cellular Macromolecules Make Up The Complement Pathway

What cellular macromolecules make up the complement pathway?

a. Lipids

b. Nucleic acids

c. Carbohydrates

d. Proteins

d

Based on the animation, which of the following is cleaved by C1?

a. C5

b. C2 and C4

c. C4

d. C2

e. C5 and C4

b

Where are the complement proteins found in the body?

a. The blood serum

b. In every cell

c. The liver

d. The thymus

e. The spleen

a

Based on the animation, which of the following is responsible for cleaving C3?

a. C2aC4b

b. C4aC2b

c. C5bC6C7

d. C1

a

Based on the animation, which of the complement proteins can directly bind to the surface of a bacterial cell?

a. C2b

b. C4a

c. C2a

d.C5b

e. C3b

e

How does cytolysis occur via the complement pathway?

a. Formation of the MAC in invading cells, killing them

b. Stimulation of the inflammatory response

c. Triggering the release of histamine

d. Disrupting cell wall of pathogens

a

Which complement protein is used as an opsonin?

a. C3a

b. C4a

c. C3b

d. C7

e. C5b

f. C2a

c

If a person lacked the ability to form C5, what direct result of complement could still occur?

a. Cytolysis

b. Opsonization

c. Chemotaxis

b

If a person could not form C2, which result of complement would be affected?

a. Opsonization

b. Cytolysis

c. Chemotaxis and inflammation

d. Cytolysis, chemotaxis, inflammation, and opsonization

d

What complement result nvolves the use of phagocytes?

a. Chemotaxis

b. Chemotaxis and opsonization

c. Cytolysis

d. Opsonization

b

An inflammatory response would result from which of the following?

a. Jellyfish sting

b. A headache

c. Vomiting

a

If a person turns their ankle, how would one determine if damage to the tissue in the ankle has occurred?

a. The ankle is very warm to the touch.

b. The ankle swells.

c. The ankle is red, swollen, and warm to the touch.

d. The ankle is red.

c

What is the function of inflammation in response to a burn from a hot iron?

a. To repair the damaged tissue

b. To destroy the agent causing injury

c. To destroy the agent causing injury, to limit the effects of the agent on the rest of the body, and to repair the damaged tissue

d. To limit the effects of the agent on the rest of the body

a

What direct effect do histamines and leukotrienes have on capillaries?

a. They decrease the diameter of capillaries.

b. They allow capillary walls to open and become leaky.

c. They prevent phagocytes from sticking to the walls of capillaries.

b

Diapedesis is

a. the attachment of phagocytes to the walls of capillaries.

b. the migration of phagocytes through blood vessels to the site of tissue damage.

c. the production and release of chemicals during inflammation.

d. the increase in the diameter of blood vessels.

b

Why is vasodilation important to tissue repair?

a. It allows more nutrients to be delivered to the site of damage.

b. It allows for an increase in oxygen to the site of damage.

c. It allows for an increased delivery of oxygen, nutrients, and phagocytes to the site of damage.

d. It allows more phagocytes to travel to the site of damage.

c

Pus is comprised of

a. collected cells from damaged tissue.

b. dead phagocytes.

c. excess fluid from leaky blood vessels.

d. unused histamines and leukotrienes.

b

Which of the following can release histamines?

a. The complement system

b. Wood from a splinter

c. Invading bacterial cells

d. Cells from damaged tissues and the complement pathway

e. Cells from damaged tissues

d

Which of the complement pathways employs properdin?

a. Classical pathway

b. Alternative pathway

c. Lectin pathway

d. Alternative and lectin pathways all employ properdin.

e. Classical, alternative, and lectin pathways all employ properdin.

f. The classical and alternative pathways both require properdin.

b

In the classical pathway, which of the following directly activates cellular responses?

a. C2aC4b

b. C3a, C5a, and C5bC6C7

c. C5bC6C7

d. C3b

e. C4aC2bC3b

f. C3a and C5a

b

Antibodies from cellular immune responses are used in

a. the alternative pathway.

b. both the classical and alternative pathways.

c. the classical pathway.

d. the lectin pathway.

c

Which of the complement pathways was discovered first?

a. The lectin pathway

b. The classical pathway

c. The alternative pathway

b

Which of the following are functions of lectins?

a. They act as opsonins for phagocytosis, they attach to carbohydrates on some bacterial and viral surfaces, and they activate C2 and C4.

b. They act as opsonins for phagocytosis.

c. They produce antibodies.
They attach to carbohydrates on some bacterial and viral surfaces.

d. They can activate C2 and C4.
They produce factor P (properdin).

a

Basophils, platelets, and _____ are all capable of secreting histamines.

a. monocytes

b. complement

c. mast cells

d. neutrophils

c

Which of the following groupings contain things that are all true indicators of inflammation?

a. redness, heat, edema, pain

b. redness, coolness, numbness, fever

c. blueness, coolness, edema, pain

d. redness, heat, edema, pain, fever

a

Increased permeability of the vessels leads to _____ and pain.

a. heat

b. redness

c. edema

d. fever

c

The process of blood clotting leads to the formation of _____ a potent mediator of inflammation.

a. prostaglandin

b. bradykinin

c. leukotriene

d. histamine

b

Histamines are released when mast cells are exposed to _____, which are fragments of complement proteins.

a. bradykinins

b. C3a and C5a

c. C3 and C5

d. platelets

b

Inflammatory mediators such as bradykinin and histamine cause blood vessels to _____.

a. vasoconstrict

b. increase permeability

c. lengthen

d. vasodilate

d

Leukocytes have the ability to cross the vessel wall out of the blood stream and into the tissues. This process is known as _____.

a. phagocytosis

b. apoptosis

c. diapedesis

d. phagocytosis

c

Acute and chronic inflammations differ in that acute inflammation _____.

a. involves the formation of pus

b. always involves a fever

c. develops quickly, ends quickly, and is typically beneficial

d. develops slowly, lasts a long time, and is potentially damaging

c

If a person could not form C2, which result of complement would be affected?

a. Opsonization

b. Cytolysis

c. Chemotaxis and inflammation

d. Cytolysis, chemotaxis, inflammation, and opsonization

d