Define The Following Terms Tapestry Monument Portrait

Commemoration

Many cultures used statues to document or commemorate their rulers

Example of documentation:

Robert Capa, American Troops Landing on D-Day
Gelatin silver print, photograph

Example of commemoration, documentation, and narration:

Apollodurus, Column of Trajan
Built in 113 A.D. as a monument to the Roman army.
Marble sculpture (statue), Rome

Example of narration:

Bayeux tapestry
The Bayeux tapestry, depicts the naval battle, as the Normans invaded England in 1066. (Battle of Hastings)

Tapestry

A heavy hand-woven textile used for depicting a story.

Monument

A memorial, a lasting remembrance, evidence.

Commemorate

To call to remembrance, to serve as a memorial.

Example of commemoration:

A plaque made to commemorate the soldiers in battle.

Example of symbolism:

Symbolism was used in the ancient wall paintings to produce a visual narrative of what had happened.

Symbolism

Using an image to convey a deeper meaning in a piece of art.

Documentation

Providing evidence that an event occurred
Art was used as documentation for events in history.

Narrate

To tell a story
Egyptian wall paintings were used to narrate events.

Statue

A 3-Dimensional piece of artwork

Sarcophagus

An above ground tomb used by the Egyptians
King Tut's sarcophagus was painted ornately

Why would the artist George Catlin's paintings from the 1800s be considered a form of artistic documentation? (site 1)

Catlin was the first artist to record the Plains Indians in their own territories.
Paintings in the Indian Gallery reveal the encounter of two different cultures in a frontier region undergoing dramatic transformation.
Catlin began displaying the Indian Gallery in eastern capitals and in Europe, an advocate for the Indian way of life, offering rare insight into native cultures and a crucial chapter in American history. Catlin viewed his Indian Gallery as a way "to rescue from oblivion their primitive looks and customs."

What does the above photograph commemorate and document?

This is a picture entitled, the Ruin's of Gallego Flour Mills, Richmond. It records an event and exists as an allegory of the costs of the Civil War. This was created as a document the hardships of the Civil War, but its purpose has also become to commemorate the Civil War so that we can remember the people who suffered and the reasons why the war occurred.

This photograph, American Troops Landing on D-Day, was taken by a war correspondent during WWII. What do you notice about this picture? How does it make you feel when you see it?

The photograph, American Troops Landing on D-Day, is very chilling. I can see that it was taken in the middle of great chaos while the American troops have emptied out of the boats and stormed the beaches of Normandy. It makes me feel sad because I know many men died that way because they were chosen, not chose to. When I look at the photograph I also feel chills imagining how electric the air must have been and how cold the water was.

Opinions for both questions will vary, but should include details and an explanation for each opinion, along with concepts/details discussed in the lecture.

Why have most cultures throughout history used artistic works as a form of representation?

Artist works are often used to document or commemorate an event or important person. Art can convey both emotion and facts. Wars, troublesome times, and great rulers are often remembered through art.

Art expresses many things in culture. How does this image of an American flag being placed at Iwo Jima after the most infamous battle in the Pacific during WWII, use symbolism to commemorate, document, and narrate an event in history?

This photograph symbolizes the event by displaying the sorrow and pain of the soldiers atop the rubble and death of battle, while at the same time commemorating their courage and strength as they place an American flag at the scene of the battle. It serves as a reminder of their courage and the strength America has as a nation. It documents history for ever more and narrates the final scene of the battle.

Explain the difference between a work of art intended for documentation and one intended for commemoration. How can a work of art, intended as a documentation, become also a piece of commemoration?

A piece of art intended for documentation is a historical, factual account of a person, place, or event. A piece of art intended for commemoration is also a documentation, however its main purpose is to serve as a form of remembrance, or a memorial, rather than a historical documentation. Sometimes as time passes, historical events and/or people become increasingly appreciated by current cultures and/or generations, and therefore a piece that was originally a documentation, can become a memorial or visual remembrance as well.

Name the statue above. Explain three examples of symbolism used by the artist when designing this statue.

Answers may vary, but should include at least three examples: The statues is called Augustus of Primaporta, and dates back to early 1st century CE. First, Augustus is looking down, as though to indicate his power and prestige. The artist has put a staff in his hand, which symbolized importance and leadership during this time. There is a small cherub below him, to the left, which could signify holiness and power, or it could also represent the people's worship of their emperor. His clothes are ornate and heavy, which were worn by the elite of society.

Describe the Column of Trajan (above), including how it serves to both document and commemorate history.

This column commemorated the emperor's reign, including holding his ashes at the base. The carvings found spiraling the column depict the events of the Dacian Wars, which are incredibly accurate according to scholars. The carving and the gilded statue of the emperor on top serve to document the past, as a history book does, and also to commemorate a great time in Roman History.

For the above visual narration, provide its title, medium, and both its historical and practical significance.

Title: Bayeux Tapestry Medium: embroidered with needle and thread on cloth Historical Significance: It tells the story of the Norman Conquest of England in 1066. Practical Significance: It was durable, portable, and served as an insulator in the winter.

Above is an image of King Tut's Gold Sarcophagus, which is an example of how the Egyptian commemorated the dead. Explain how Egyptian commemorate the wealthy and royal dead and why?

The Egyptians commemorated the wealthy and royal dead by mummifying their bodies, and placing them in sarcophaguses, which were often made or gold and other precious jewels. They placed them in tombs, which included paintings of their achievements. The purpose was to commemorate the greatness of the ruler buried and give glory to the Egyptian gods, as well as fulfill a functional purpose of documenting history and burying the body.

Define the following terms:

- tapestry
- monument
- portrait

Tapestry: A heavy hand-woven textile used for depicting a story.

Monument: A memorial, a lasting remembrance, evidence. Most often a statue or other physical three-dimensional structure.

Portrait: A likeness of someone,usually painted or sculpted.

Historically, the main purpose of statues has been to ______________

Commemorate rulers and other important individuals.

A documentation is intended to ______________________

Depict a historical, factual event.

Why was the conquest of England documented in a tapestry?

Tapestries were known to be both durable and portable.

The photograph above is a picture entitled, the Ruins of Gallego's Flour Mill, in Richmond. This picture is intended to _________________

Record the losses caused by the Civil War.

Symbolism is ____________________

The art of using symbols, or having symbolic meaning.

Look at the sculpture above of Augustus. A staff, like the one he is holding, symbolized __________ in Roman culture.

Leadership

There was much _____________ used in the ancient writings, to produce a visual narrative of what had happened.

Symbolism

This picture was taken as American troops _________________ during WWII.

Landed on D-Day

Above is a close-up of the narratives carved into the Column of Trajan. Which of the following is not true about the above narratives/column?

Not "The column commemorates Trajan's greatness."

The image above is a photograph of King Tut's _______________.

Sarcophagus