The Archaeologists Term Correlated Age Means

The archaeologists' term "correlated age" means (d)

the calendar age of an artifact.
the actual age of an artifact.
the age of an artifact determined by instinct.
the age of an artifact in relation to other objects.

What method of dating bone would yield the most accurate results? (b)

dendrochronology
radiocarbon
depth of the earth where the artifact was found
age of the society that used the artifact

Which is a false statement about the use of longitude and latitude lines on maps? (b)

They are used to locate things on a map
They are used to show the depth of the oceans.
They can be used to show direction instead of a compass.
They can be used to identify the equator and prime meridian.

Which of these would be considered a primary source? (a)

a presidential candidate's tax records
a biography of a general
a textbook passage about a queen's reign
a web article about a World War I soldier

Which would be considered a secondary source about the assassination of Abraham Lincoln? (c)

a diary entry by a witness to the assassination
an interview with a member of the audience at Ford's Theater where Lincoln was shot
an interview with Booth's understudy, who was not at Ford's Theater the night of the assassination
a newspaper article written by a reporter who was in the audience at Ford's Theatre

Which of the statements about archaeologists is true? (c)

Archaeologists excavate artifacts but leave it to historians to analyze them.
Archaeologists are helpful to anthropologists but not to historians.
Archaeologists study the remains of ancient humans as well as artifacts.
Archaeologists study only artifacts, not human history.

Which of these dating methods is capable of giving the most accurate age of an artifact? (c)

DNA
tree rings
radiocarbon
dendrochronology

Which of these statements is false? (d)

Archaeology is a field within anthropology.
Archaeologists and anthropologists are necessary to the historian for information they provide.
Archaeologists and anthropologists both study human history.
Archaeologists and anthropologists are in totally separate fields and rarely work together.

***Which would likely be the least biased account of the December 7, 1941, attack on Pearl Harbor? (c)

President Franklin D. Roosevelt's speech following the attack
a Japanese news article published on December 8, 1941
a world history textbook's account published in 2014
a radio announcer's account from Pearl Harbor at the time of the attack

Which term most precisely names the earliest culture to develop in North America? (d)

the Folsom
the Plano
the Paleo-Indians
the Clovis

***One similarity between the land bridge and coastal crossing theories of migration is that (c)

both stress the use of boats in migration.
neither point out how easy it was for migrants to find food.
both state that migrants used the land bridge to migrate.
neither are taken seriously by archaeologists.

What helps archaeologists see connections among Clovis sites? (c)

similar metal tools
similar buildings
similar tools and remains
similar locations and climates

Many scientists believe that the land bridge theory explains (c)

where the earliest Americans found boat-building material.
why the Ice Age delayed migration to South America.
how people first migrated to North America.
why North America experienced an Ice Age.

The land bridge and coastal crossing theories concern the earliest human migration from (c)

Asia to South America.
South America to Asia.
Asia to North America.
North America to Asia.

Which of the following theories states that humans first migrated to America by boat? (a)

the coastal crossing theory
the land bridge theory
the Ice Age theory
the Asia theory

Which of the following is most useful in identifying sites left by the Clovis? (c)

the remains of buildings
animal hides
flaked stone points
weapons made from bones

What does the long distance between Clovis sites tell archaeologists about their culture? (b)

They frequently fled from other Paleo-Indian groups.
They had to travel great distances as they hunted.
They built strong and lasting buildings.
They farmed in soil that worsened over time.

Which statement would most likely appear in an essay about the land bridge theory of migration? (b)

Many who crossed the bridge wrote about the experience.
Sea levels fell during the most recent Ice Age.
A mild climate encouraged hunter-gatherers to travel.
Animals were unable to live on the land bridge.

Which of the following statements best describes the process of how later Paleo-Indian cultures replaced earlier ones? (b)

New groups of hunter-gatherers migrated from other areas and replaced the older groups.
Over time, groups adapted to changing conditions and developed new tools and habits.
Earlier cultures died out because they could not adapt to changes in the environment.
Ice Age animals such as mammoths migrated to other areas, forcing cultures to find different food sources.

Which option lists only pre-Columbian Indian groups that lived in the Southwest? (a)

the Anasazi, the Hohokam, and the Mogollon
the Adena, the Hopewell, and the Mississippian
the Iroquois, the Anasazi, and the Hopewell
the Hopewell, the Mississippian, and the Iroquois

***Why did American Indians who lived in dry areas make knives from flint rather than slate? (b)

Flint was better suited to hunting small animals.
Slate was more common in wet microclimates.
Slate was not a good material for constructing tools.
Flint was better suited to hunting large animals.

Which of the following American Indian cultures was made up of several groups who spoke a common language? (b)

the Cherokee
the Iroquois
the Adena
the Mogollon

Which statement best explains how the ancient Arctic tribes fed themselves? (d)

by farming during the summer and storing crops
by using horses and spears to hunt caribou
by traveling to food sources by horse
by hunting and fishing

***Which of these cultures would be most likely to develop in a wet, wooded microclimate? (d)

a simple culture with a diet of mostly plants
a complex culture with a diet of mostly animals
a simple culture with a varied diet
a complex culture with a varied diet

Pre-Columbian American Indian groups lived in the Americas (b)

before the settlement of South America.
before the arrival of European settlers.
after the arrival of Spanish settlers.
after European settlement of the Americas.

Which of these American Indian groups still celebrates its heritage at powwows? (c)

the Anasazi
the Mississippians
the Lakota
the Hopewell

Which option lists only pre-Columbian American Indian groups that lived in what is now Ohio? (b)

the Anasazi, the Hohokam, and the Mogollon
the Adena, the Hopewell, and the Mississippian
the Iroquois, the Anasazi, and the Hopewell
the Hohokam, the Anasazi, and the Iroquois

***Which American Indian culture is considered a single group, even though it was made up of people who spoke different languages? (a)

the Pueblo
the Iroquois
the Anasazi
the Mogollon

The geography of which region led to the pre-Columbian construction of dams, canals, and pueblos? (a)

the Southwest
the Pacific Northwest
the Plains
the Northeast

Which country settled Louisiana in the 1600s? (a)

France
England
Spain
Canada

A reason Jamestown settlers struggled to survive was that they (a)

were not used to doing physical labor.
were looking for the Roanoke colonists.
befriended the Powhatan people.
had been successful farmers in England.

During the Age of Exploration, both the Spanish and the French (c)

allowed religious tolerance in their colonies.
enslaved American Indians.
tried to spread religion in the Americas.
forced the American Indians to move to cities.

Which of the following facts about Jamestown's location caused hardship for its settlers? (b)

It was on an island in the Chesapeake Bay.
It was inland near a swampy area of a river.
It was on the shore of Chesapeake Bay.
It was on the shore of the Atlantic Ocean.

French and Spanish explorers differed most in terms of their (a)

relationships with the American Indians they encountered.
religious beliefs and goals in North America.
management of encomiendas and repartimientos.
approach to the fish and fur trades.

In addition to the fur trade, what helped Samuel de Champlain's Quebec colony? (b)

support from the Virginia Company
good trade relations with American Indians
the discovery of a Northwest Passage to Asia
the governments of England and Spain

One reason France sent explorers to North America in the early 1500s was to (c)

take American Indians to Europe.
conquer the Aztec and the Inca.
start settlements in the Americas.
find a trade route to Africa.

While Francisco Pizarro's main goal was to bring glory and wealth to Spain, the goal of Sir Walter Raleigh was to (d)

spread Christianity to new parts of the world.
discover new sources of gold and silver.
establish good relations with Native Americans.
plant an English colony in North America.

When the English and Spanish explorers came in contact with American Indians, both groups of explorers (b)

respected the American Indian way of life
conquered ad enslaved the American Indians
avoided contact with the American Indians
refused to trade with the American Indians

How did the conquests made by explorers Hernán Cortés and Francisco Pizarro affect Spain? (d)

They made Spain a colony of Portugal.
They opened the fur trade with American Indians.
They drained the Spanish treasury.
They brought great wealth to Spain.

The Pilgrim leader who organized the Mayflower voyage was (d)

John Winthrop.
Roger Williams.
Anne Hutchinson.
William Bradford.

A government based on religious principles is called a (b)

democracy.
theocracy.
republic.
monarchy.

"For we must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us. So that if we shall deal falsely with our God in this work we have undertaken, and so cause Him to withdraw His present help from us, we shall be made a story and a by-word through the world."

Based on this excerpt, what was John Winthrop's goal? (a)

to make Massachusetts Bay Colony an example of Christian living
to make Plymouth Colony an example of Christian living
to establish Massachusetts Bay Colony as a place of religious tolerance
to establish Plymouth Colony as a place of religious tolerance

In 1638, Anne Hutchinson was banished from Massachusetts Bay Colony for (d)

starting her own church.
supporting Puritan teachings.
relocating to Rhode Island.
preaching in her home.

***Which of the following groups formed an alliance against the Pequot Indians during the Pequot War? (c)

the Wampanoag Indians and Spanish colonists
the Wampanoag Indians and English colonists
the Narragansett Indians and English colonists
the Narragansett Indians and French colonists

Which event started the Pequot War? (b)

Colonists in Providence wanted Narragansett lands.
Pequot Indians killed an English trader, which led to conflict.
Colonists offered to help the Pequot conquer the Narragansett.
New England colonists raided the food supplies at a Pequot fort.

***What made Massachusetts Bay Colony a theocracy? (d)

It encouraged religious tolerance and was open to colonists of differing beliefs.
It did not encourage religious tolerance, but it did not strongly oppose it either.
It was established by people seeking freedom from religious persecution.
It had strict rules governing behavior that were based on religious principles.

Which idea was common in Plymouth Colony but not in Massachusetts Bay Colony? (d)

voting rights
religious intolerance
representative government
separation of church and state

What actions led to conflict between colonists in New England and local American Indians? (a)

Colonists moved onto American Indian lands and expected the American Indians to obey colonial law.
American Indians resented the successful farming methods of colonists and raided their stores of food.
American Indians resented the attempts of colonists to convert them to Christianity and attacked their churches.
The English government recognized the sovereignty of American Indians, which angered colonists in New England.

Which of the following New England colonies was the first to be settled? (a)

Plymouth
Rhode Island
New Hampshire
Massachusetts Bay

Why was Virginia's House of Burgesses significant? (a)

It gave the colonists a chance to govern themselves.
It placed the colonists under the king's authority.
It appointed a governor for each American colony.
It appointed a king for the colony of Virginia only.

Which of the following led to conflicts between settlers and American Indians in Virginia? (a)

farmers destroying the soil with tobacco crops
farmers moving onto land close to the coast
indentured servants encroaching on settlers' land
colonial traders charging too much for tobacco

The economy of early colonial Virginia depended on (a)

tobacco plantations.
sugar plantations.
trade with France.
trade with Spain.

How did the population of Georgia change after it became a royal colony? (c)

Plantation owners from the Caribbean established sugar plantations that used enslaved labor.
Limits on land holdings meant the population was made up mostly of small farmers.
The legalization of slavery led to a population that was almost fifty percent enslaved people.
The headright system was established to encourage landowners to hire servants and buy enslaved people.

What happened to indentured servants in the southern colonies during the 1600s? (c)

They almost always lost their freedom and eventually were forced into slavery against their will.
They typically made enough money during their servitude to purchase a plot of land near the coast.
They worked for several years in exchange for transportation to the Americas, food, and lodging.
They worked their entire lives in exchange for transportation to the Americas, food, and lodging.

How were representatives to the House of Burgesses chosen? (c)

They were elected by all the people in Virginia.
They were appointed by the British monarch.
They were elected by Virginia landowners.
They were appointed by the governor of the colony.

In 1663, eight men were given a charter to develop a colony, which they named (d)

Virginia.
Maryland.
Pennsylvania.
Carolina.

Which best describes the relationship between colonists and American Indians in the early days of the Georgia colony? (a)

The relationship was good due to the policies of James Oglethorpe.
The relationship was poor due to the policies of John Smith.
The relationship was strained due to the Tuscarora War.
The relationship was good due to the Yamasee War.

"Now all of us at James Town, beginning to feel that sharp prick of hunger . . . fed upon horses and . . . dogs, cats, rats, and mice . . . boots, shoes, or any other leather. . . . And now famine beginning to look ghastly and pale in every face that nothing was spared to maintain life."

Which part of the early colonial era does the excerpt describe? (d)

The First Thanksgiving
The Tuscarora War
The Yamasee War
The Starving Time

What did King James I give to the Virginia Company to start the colony of Virginia? (b)

a province
a charter
an assembly
an alliance

William Penn referred to his colony as a "Holy Experiment" because (a)

its degree of religious tolerance had never been tried before.
it rejected all forms of religious teaching and practices.
its colonists were forced to follow the same religion.
it was founded and run on Puritan principles.

Which statement best describes proprietorship in the middle colonies? (a)

A proprietorship was formed when a king granted land to an individual in exchange for a share of future profits.
A proprietorship was formed when a king granted land to an individual in exchange for a sizable sum of money.
A proprietorship was formed when a king granted land to a group of indentured servants in exchange for their passage.
A proprietorship was formed when a king granted land to a group of colonists in exchange for their agreement to farm the land.

The colony of Maryland was established to create (a)

a place where English Roman Catholics could be safe.
a colony that was independent from England.
a place for debtors get gain a fresh start.
plantations to grow sugar and cotton.

The city of Philadelphia was founded as part of the colony of (a)

Pennsylvania.
Delaware.
Maryland.
New York.

Many settlers from different parts of Europe decided to move to the Middle Colonies because (a)

those colonies offered a refuge for religious minorities.
few American Indians lived in that region of North America.
most settlers could become proprietors of their own land.
monarchs offered to pay settlers wages to farm the land.

***The middle colonies thrived because (a)

their location along the coast fostered trade with Europe and the Caribbean Islands.
the lack of diversity among the population fostered harmony and led to fewer disagreements.
good relations with American Indians throughout the 1600s and 1700s led to peace.
poor agricultural conditions forced colonists to turn to timber, fishing, and other industries.

Tobacco played an important economic role in which of the following middle colonies? (a)

Maryland
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania

Why did some residents in New Netherland welcome the British takeover of their colony? (a)

They resented the policies of Stuyvesant's government.
They wanted to build a stronger trading empire.
They wanted the right to have enslaved workers.
They resented sharing their profits with the Dutch king.

In the late 1600s, the colonists of New York and New Jersey were (a)

religiously diverse.
religiously similar.
mostly Catholic.
mostly Quaker.

What was most significant about Maryland's Act of Toleration? (a)

The law inspired the growth of religious freedom in the colonies.
The law became a model for other North American colonies.
The law granted religious freedom to all non-Christians in Maryland.
The law led to a Catholic takeover of the colonial assembly in Maryland.

Puritan communities in New England in the 1600s believed that all children should learn to read and write so they could (d)

understand business matters.
communicate with relatives in England.
attend assembly meetings.
read and study the Bible.

Puritan communities in New England during the 1600s emphasized (a)

reading the Bible.
separating church and state.
following the king's religious authority.
protecting religious freedom.

The Half-Way Covenant adopted by Puritans in 1662 (a)

made Puritan children and grandchildren partial church members.
allowed adults of all religions to vote in elections and hold public office.
separated the powers of the governor, courts, and legislature.
protected the religious freedom of all citizens in the colonies.

In the late 1600s, the change by the British government in enforcing colonial rules was called (c)

the Navigation Acts.
the Frame of Government.
salutary neglect.
self-government.

How did the First Great Awakening affect attitudes toward religion in the colonies during the early 1700s? (d)

It led to fewer adherents of organized religions.
It created greater uniformity.
It weakened the role of Puritanism.
It increased tolerance of different religions.

An unexpected result of British salutary neglect was that (c)

the colonies became richer than Britain wanted.
the colonies' dependence on British rule grew.
the colonies developed a separate American identity.
the colonies began to develop self-government.

As a result of changes in British policy during the late 1600s, the American colonies (b)

made their official plan to declare independence.
made their own trade and political decisions.
were not allowed to spend money on British goods.
were not allowed to manufacture many kinds of finished goods.

How did Britain's policy of salutary neglect affect the American colonies? (b)

It led to greater restrictions on colonial self-government.
It led to an increased sense of independence from Britain.
It led to greater trade restrictions with other European nations.
It led to political chaos, weakening the sense of an American identity.

Puritans moved to America in the 1600s because (a)

they were persecuted in England.
the Church of England ordered them to leave.
the Quakers had joined the Church of England.
there were great opportunities for trade in the Americas.

During the First Great Awakening, several educational centers and universities were founded to (a)

train more ministers.
disprove scientific findings.
counteract religious teachings.
train missionaries to convert others.

Slavery in the American colonies was (c)

concentrated mostly in the New England colonies.
concentrated mostly in the middle colonies.
concentrated mostly in the southern colonies.
evenly distributed throughout all the colonies.

The laws that established an official system of slavery in the American colonies (c)

stated that children could not be born into slavery.
allowed enslaved people to go free if they had been indentured.
made it legal to keep enslaved people for their entire lives.
required that a person's enslavement end after a period of time.

In colonial times, free African Americans mainly lived (d)

in rural areas.
on plantations.
in small towns.
in cities.

How were the lives of free African Americans similar to those of enslaved African Americans in the 1700s? (c)

Neither group was allowed to legally marry.
Both groups could live wherever they wanted.
Neither group had true equality with whites.
Both groups could receive an education.

During the colonial era in America, slave codes (c)

empowered enslaved people to gather together.
encouraged enslaved people to revolt and fight back.
gave whites more power over enslaved people.
caused a reduction in the workforce on plantations.

When their period of service ended, indentured servants (d)

were forced to pay a fee to gain freedom.
were forced into slavery.
had land they owned taken away.
were needed as workers on plantations.

Which statement best explains a result of slave codes during the colonial era? (b)

Slave codes increased the rights of enslaved people.
Slave codes eliminated the rights of enslaved people.
Slave codes ensured that enslaved people were treated fairly.
Slave codes ensured that slaveholders could not free enslaved workers.

In colonial America, enslaved workers who received manumission (c)

purchased their freedom.
escaped to northern colonies.
were freed by slaveholders.
became indentured servants.

A main result of Bacon's Rebellion was that (d)

America gained territory from Spain.
men who opposed the government were not punished.
groups that united against the government were ineffective.
indentured servitude ended and slavery developed.

Slave codes affected enslaved people by (c)

turning them into indentured servants.
protecting them from slaveholders.
keeping them powerless.
protecting them from the government.

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