Describe Mechanism For How Cold Ringer'S Decreased Heart Rate.

Question: Choose two of the disease states of blood that you looked at in the lab, and describe the differences in the blood in comparison to normal blood.

Answer:

Question: How do you calculate hematocrit?

Answer: the percentage of red blood cells in whole blood

Question: Besides polycythemia, name one more condition or disease state that can be detected/diagnosed using the hematocrit, and tell how the hematocrit would change

Answer:

Question: State a reason why the R wave in the ECG and the maximum height of the finger pulse do not overlap temporally.

Answer: They do not overlap because the time between them is how long it takes for the blood to travel from your heart to the tip of your finger. Therefore, they cannot overlap because this is not an instantaneous process. Furthermore there is a delay in the electrical signaling.

Question: What is considered a normal ECG angle?

Answer: Between 0 & 90 degrees

Question: Name two structures that are dramatically different between the mammalian and frog heart.

Answer:

Question: Describe the mechanism on how cold Ringer’s decreased heart rate.

Answer: The cold Ringer’s decreased the contractile force of the heart by slowing the rate of calcium ion diffusion, and overall depolarization and repolarization in the heart.

Question: Which frog Ringer’s treatment is supposed to have the biggest effect on the force of contraction: normal, moderately high calcium, or moderately high potassium? Do the results (tables and graphs) match what you expect?

Answer:

Question: What effects do Isuprel (Isoproterenol) and Acetylcholine (ACh) each have on heart rate?

Answer: Acetylcholine decreases heartrate and Isuprel increases heartrate.

Question: What receptor does atropine block to increase heart rate? Can you think of an instance where having atropine in an ambulance would be beneficial?

Answer: Atropine blocks muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. In an ambulance, atropine would be beneficial if someone was going into bradycardia because by blocking the binding of acetylcholine to the receptor, parasympathetic process of decreasing heart rate will be prevented.