JKO Mass Atrocity Response Operations (MARO)

To be effective a MARO plan should _______________.

?Be integrated with all interveners.

When are flexible deterrent options implemented?

Prior to a MARO intervention

Which two of the following are advantages of partner enabling efforts?

- Low level of US involvement may be desired by the host nation
- UN, regional, or host nation control may be perceived as having a greater legitimacy

What are the two results of effective security reform?

- systems that do not abuse their power and pose threats to their civilians
- capable host nation security forces

What phase is marked by the initiation of the move to a transitional civil authority from a transitional military authority?

Phase 4 (Iv)

Which two of the following statements describe phase 0 objectives?

-A stable peace is maintained in the host nation
-The MARO force is prepared to conduct phase 1 deterrent operations

As an FDO option, the decision is made to provide humanitarian aid to villages populated by a potential victim group out of favor with hard line nationalist groups within the host nation. As a result the nationalists attack these villages in an attempt to hijack this aid for their own use. What type of risk does this demonstrate?

Unintended escalation

Which of the two groups can be considered interveners in a MARO situation?

?External military forces
?Un peacekeepers
?Regional organizations such as NATO and the AFRICAN UNION

What, according to Joint Doctrine, is defined as the "widespread and often systematic acts of violence against civilians by state or non-state armed groups, including killing, causing serious bodily or mental harm, or deliberately inflicting conditions of life that cause serious bodily or mental harm"?

Mass atrocity

Which two of the following are advantages of the shape-clear-hold approach?

-security is developed deliberately and progressively
- the risk of setbacks is minimized

Why is it difficult to predict the onset, or course of, a mass atrocity?

Because of the complexity of the operational environment and potential for unanticipated consequences of the intervention

What course of action approach entails the JTF taking a supporting role to the other intervening actors?

Partner enabling

The decision by higher authority to employ non-military flexible deterrent options will not have a direct effect on the JTFs military posture.

False

The approach chosen to undertake a MARO operation is derived from integrating the seven approaches based on _________________.

Mandates and strategic guidance from higher authority

To be effective, a set of lines of effort must include all the major functions necessary and collectively sufficient to achieve success and accomplish the military objectives.

True

What are the three objectives of Phase V Enable Civil Authority?

- Good governance, economic development, and social well-being are institutionalized
- Security is maintained
- The MARO force redeploys

What group of actors are directly or indirectly targeted or the potentially at risk by an oppression group?

Victims

The decision to use the JTF in strictly a supporting role is largely a _______________.

Political one

What two conditions must exist for a smooth transition from the Initial Response through a Transitional Stage to Sustainability Stage?

- Actors capable of accepting new responsibilities and authorities
-Manageable situation

To be effective a MARO plan should _______________

Integrate with all interveners.

When are flexible deterrent options implemented?

Prior to MARO intervention.

Which two of the following are advantages of partner enabling efforts?

Low level of US involvement may be desired by the host nation, the region, and the international community; UN, regional, or host nation control may be perceived as having greater legitimacy.

What are the two results of effective security sector reform?

Capable host nation security forces; Systems that do not abuse their power and pose threats and pose threats to their civilians.

What phase is marked by the initiation of the move to a transitional civil authority from a transitional military authority?

Phase 4 Stabilize

Which of the following statements describe Phase 0 objectives?

A stable peace is maintained in the host nation; The MARO force is prepared to conduct Phase 1 deterrent operations.

As an FDO option, the decision is made to provide humanitarian aid to villages populated by a potential victim group out of favor with line nationalist groups within the host nation. As a result the nationalists attack these villages in an attempt to hijack this aid for their own use. What type of risk does this demonstrate?

Unintended escalation.

Which two of the following groups can be considered interveners in a MARO situation?

UN Peacekeepers; Irregular forces from a neighboring country.

What, according to Joint Doctrine, is defined as the "widespread and often systematic acts of violence against civilians by state or non-state armed groups, including killing, causing bodily or mental harm, or deliberately inflicting conditions of life that cause serious bodily or mental harm"?

Mass Atrocity

Which of the two following are advantages of the shape-clear-hold approach?

Security is developed deliberately and progressively; The risk of setbacks is minimized.

Why is it difficult to predict the onset, or course of, a mass atrocity?

Because of the complexity of the operational environment and potential for unanticipated consequences of the intervention.

What course of action approach entails JTF taking a supporting role to other intervening actors?

Partner enabling.

True or False. The decision by higher authority to employ non-military flexible deterrent options will not have a direct effect on the JTFs military posture.

False.

The approach chosen to undertake a MARO operation is derived from integrating the seven approaches based on ___________________.

Mandates and strategic guidance from higher authority.

To be effective a MARO plan should ___________________. (A potential Design for MARO CONOPS, page 11 of 17)

integrate with all interveners (correct)

When are flexible deterrent options implemented? (Using Flexible Deterrent Options to Deter Perpetrators, page 2 of 11)

Prior to a MARO intervention (correct)

Which two of the following are advantages of partner enabling efforts? (Shaping the Protective Environment, page 8 of 11)

??Low level of US involvement may be desired by the host nation, the region, and the international community

???Better situational awareness by UN or regional forces

???More capable US capacity is available to intervene in reserve

?UN, regional, or host nation control may be perceived as having greater legitimacy

What are the two results of effective security sector reform? (Shaping the Protective Environment, page 4 of 11)

??Systems that do not abuse their power and pose threats to their civilians

? Capable host nation security forces

???Functioning and efficient judicial systems

???Effective democratic representation within the host nation

What phase is marked by the initiation of the move to a transitional civil authority from a transitional military authority? (Direct Military Intervention, page 12 of 16)

Phase IV Stabilize (correct)

Which two of the following statements describe Phase 0 objectives? (Shaping the Protective Environment, page 2 of 11)

A stable peace is maintained in the host nation (correct)

The MARO force is prepared to conduct Phase 1 deterrent operations (correct)

Unintended escalation (correct)

Which two of the following groups can be considered interveners in a MARO situation? (The Roles of the MARO Actors, page 8 of 15)

Irregular forces from a neighboring country (correct)

UN Peacekeepers (correct)

Mass atrocity (correct)

Which two of the following are advantages of the shape-clear-hold approach? (Direct Military Intervention, page 4 of 16)

The risk of setbacks is minimized (correct)

Security is developed deliberately and progressively (correct)

Why is it difficult to predict the onset, or course of, a mass atrocity? (Key Operational and Political Implications of MARO, page 5 of 11)

Because of the complexity of the operational environment and potential for unanticipated consequences of the intervention (correct)

What course of action approach entails the JTF taking a supporting role to other intervening actors? (Direct Military Intervention, page 7 of 16)

Partner enabling (correct)

True or False. The decision by higher authority to employ non-military flexible deterrent options will not have a direct effect on the JTFs military posture. (Using Flexible Deterrent Options to Deter Perpetrators, page 8 of 11)

False (correct)

The approach chosen to undertake a MARO operation is derived from integrating the seven approaches based on ____________________. (Direct Military Intervention, page 2 of 16)

Mandates and strategic guidance from higher authority (correct)

When does Phase 0 end? (Shaping the Protective Environment, page 2 of 11)

?When international support is maintained

Why is critical factors analysis difficult in a MARO situation? (The Roles of the MARO Actors, page 12 of 15)

?Because situational awareness in host nations is difficult for interveners to understand

What are the long term objectives across all security sector reform lines of effort? (Shaping the Protective Environment, page 5 of 11)

?A stable peace

What course of action approach establishes a buffer zone between perpetrators and victims? (Direct Military Intervention, page 3 of 16)

?Containment

What characteristic is likely to turn a MARO situation into a Wicked Problem? (Key Operational and Political Implications of MARO, page 6 of 11)

?Intertwined guidance from multinational forces and the United Nations

What type of non-military FDO uses a combination of inducements and sanctions? (Using Flexible Deterrent Options to Deter Perpetrators, page 8 of 11)

>?Political

When MARO contingency planning includes the transition to stabilization what are the two phases that should be the focus for the joint staff planners? (Direct Military Intervention, page 11 of 16)

?Phase III Seize the Initiative

?Phase IV Stabilize

What is defined as Military activities conducted in support of an emerging USG interagency mass atrocity prevention and response options construct to prevent or halt mass atrocities by JP 3-07.3 Peace Operations? (Key Operational and Political Implications of MARO, page 4 of 11)

?Counter insurgency operations

The decision to use the JTF in strictly a supporting role is largely a _______________. (Shaping the Protective Environment, page 7 of 11)

a logistical decision

Which two agencies may be called on to vet the internal decision of the joint task force in a MARO situation? (Direct Military Intervention, page 2 of 16)

?The Department of Justice

?The Office of the Secretary of Defense

The decision is made to reinforce the military presence in the region of a potential MARO operation. What category FDO does this represent? (Using Flexible Deterrent Options to Deter Perpetrators, page 5 of 11)

Mid-level

What can interveners expect a victim population to need in the aftermath of an intervention? (The Roles of the MARO Actors, page 7 of 15)

X The establishment of an independent state to govern free from further threat of violence

What document declares mass atrocity a core national security interest? (Key Operational and Political Implications of MARO, page 3 of 11)

X The MARO Handbook

What group of actors are directly or indirectly targeted or the potentially at risk by an oppression group? (The Roles of the MARO Actors, page 5 of 15)

Victims (correct)

? Mass atrocity