A Molecule That Blocks The Activity Of Carbonic Anhydrase Would

Question: Most of the oxygen transported by the blood is
Answer: bound to hemoglobin
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Question: most of the CO2 in the blood is transported as
Answer: carbonic acid
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Question: the most important chemical regulator of respiration is
Answer: carbon dioxide
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Question: A 10% increase in the level of CO2 in the blood will
Answer: increase the rate of breathing
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Question: Hypercapnia
Answer: increase in the Pco2
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Question: The normal rate & depth of breathing is established by the
Answer: apneustic center
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Question: Prolonged inspirations can result from stimulating the ____ center
Answer: apneustic
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Question: The pneumotaxic center of the pons
Answer: modifies the rate and depth of breathing
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Question: The Hering-Breuer reflex
Answer: protects the lungs from damage due to over inflation
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Question: The apneustic center of the pons
Answer: provide continuous stimulation to the inspiratory center
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Question: sympathetic stimulation to the smooth muscle tissue layer in the bronchioles causes
Answer: bronchodilation
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Question: CO2 is more soluble in H2O than O2 is. To get the same amount of O2 to dissolve in plasma as CO2, you would have to
Answer: decrease the partial pressure of oxygen
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Question: A molecule that blocks the activity of carbonic anhydrase would
Answer: interfere with oxygen binding to hemoglobin
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Question: The percentage of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin is greatest
Answer: when the temperature is 37degrees centigrade
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Question: The percentage of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin is greatest
Answer: when the DPG level is low
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Question: A drug that depresses the activity of the pneumotaxic center would result in
Answer: increased tidal volume
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Question: Blocking afferent action potentials from the chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies would interfere wit the brain's ability to regulate breathing in response to
Answer: changes in the pH due to carbon dioxide levels
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Question: with aging pulmonary ventilation
Answer: decreases
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Question: Each of the following organs is a component of the GI tract except...Spleen, Stomach, Esophagus, Colon, Pharynx
Answer: Spleen
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Question: accessory organ of digestion
Answer: pancreas
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Question: digestion refers to
Answer: chemical breakdown of food
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Question: the myenteric plexus is
Answer: a network of neurons
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Question: contraction of the ____ alters the shape of the intestinallumen and moves the epithelial pleats and folds
Answer: muscularis mucosa
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Question: The _____ are double sheets of perotineal membrane that hold some of the visceral organs in their proper position
Answer: mesenteries
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Question: Sensory nerve cells, parasympathetic ganglia, and sympathetic postganglionic fibers can be found in the
Answer: mucosa
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Question: sandwiched between the layer of circular and longitudinal muscle in the muscularis externa is the
Answer: myenteric plexus
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Question: a modification of the digestive epithelium that allows for expansion of the organ is the presence of
Answer: folds and pleats
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Question: Waves of muscularis contractions that propel contents through the GI tract is
Answer: peristalsis
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Question: powerful peristaltic contractions that occur a few times each day in the colon are called
Answer: mass movements
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Answer: digestion of cholesterol fats
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Answer: partitioning off the oral pharynx from the nasal pharynx
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Question: the crown of the tooth os covered by
Answer: enamel
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Question: the following statement is false about secretions of salivary glands
Answer: contain enzymes for the digestion of simple sugars
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Question: _____ are pointed teeth that are adapted for tearing and shredding
Answer: Cuspids
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Question: The following is not a function of the stomach
Answer: absorption of dipeptides
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Question: parietal cells secrete
Answer: hydrochloric acid
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Question: Chief cells secrete
Answer: pepsinogen
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Question: Enteroendocrine cells of the stomach secrete
Answer: gastrin
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Question: The bulge of the greater curvature of the stomach superior to the esophageal junction is the
Answer: fundus
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Question: The curved tubular portion of the J shaped stomach is the
Answer: pyloris
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Question: The prominent ridges in the lining o the stomach are called
Answer: rugae
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Question: gastric pits are
Answer: pockets in the lining of the stomach that contain secretory cells
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Question: The enzyme pepsin digests
Answer: proteins
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Question: a proteinase that is produced in the stomachs of newborns that functions in the digestion of milk protein is
Answer: rennin
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Question: Lacteals
Answer: carry products of digestion that will not pass through the walls of blood capillaries
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Question: Plicae and intestinal vili
Answer: increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine
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Question: The duodenal ampulla is formed by the fusion of the
Answer: common bile duct and the pancreatic duct
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Question: Peyer's patches are characteristic of the
Answer: Ileum
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Question: Absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by all the following except....intestinal movements, the vili, it's reduced length, the microvili, the plicae circulares
Answer: it's reduced length
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Question: The ost striking aspect of the intestinal histology is the
Answer: adaptations for increasing absorptive area
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Question: Plicae circulares are
Answer: transverse folds in the mucosa and submucosa of the small intestine
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Question: An intestinal hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release a watery secretion that is high in bicarbonate ion is
Answer: secretin
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Question: An intestinal hormone that stimulates the gallbladder to release bile
Answer: CCK
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Question: An intestinal hormone that stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreatic islet cells is
Answer: gastric inhibitory peptide GIP
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Question: An intestinal hormone that stimulates parietal and chief cells in the stomach to secrete is
Answer: intestinal gastrin
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Question: The enzyme enterokinase
Answer: activates protein-digesting enzymes
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Question: The fusion of the hepatic duct and the cystic duct firms the
Answer: common bile duct
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Question: The exocrine portion of the pancreas is composed of
Answer: pancreatic acini
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Question: Each of the following is a funtion of the liver except...antibody production
Answer: synthesis and secretion of bile, inactivation of toxins, storgae of glycogen and lipid reserves, synthesis of plasma proteins
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Question: During the cephalic phase of gastric secretion
Answer: there is an increased flow of action potentials along the vagus nerve to the stomach
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Question: The gastric phase of gastric secretion is triggered by the
Answer: entry of food into the stomach
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Question: The intestinal phase of gastric secretion does not
Answer: end when fat enters the small intestine
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Question: The gastroileal reflex
Answer: makes room for more intestinal contents by moving some chyme to the colon
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Question: Haustra are
Answer: external pouches of the colon
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Question: The taenia coli are
Answer: three longitudinal bands of muscle located beneath the serosa of the colon
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Question: The saclike structure that joins the ileum at the ileocecal valve is the
Answer: cecum
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Question: The small finger like structures attached to the postmedial surface of the cecum is the
Answer: appendix
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Question: An enzyme taht will digest proteins into polypeptides is
Answer: trypsin
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Question: Carbohydrate digestion begins in the
Answer: Mouth
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Question: Most products fo fat digestion are absorbed by the
Answer: interstitial fluid
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Question: The absorption of some electrolytes in the small intestine involves
Answer: diffusion
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Question: This organ is responsible for primary water absorption
Answer: large intestine
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Question: All of the followong contain goblet cells except...stomach, esophagus, small intestine, transverse colon, large intestine
Answer: esophagus
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Question: Which of the following contains a serosa lining
Answer: small intestine
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Question: alteration on pH is an example of
Answer: local stimulation
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Question: which salivary gland produces a serous secretion containing large amount of salivary amylase
Answer: parotid
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Question: The hormone that stimulates the sercretion of the stomach and the contraction of the stomach walls is
Answer: gastrin
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Question: increased secretion by all the salivary glands results from
Answer: parasympathetic stimulation
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Question: as individuals age
Answer: smooth muscle tone in the intestine decreases
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Question: decreased levels of bile salts in the bile would interfere with digestion of
Answer: fat
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Question: enterogastirc reflexes
Answer: are solely neural
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Answer: increase emulsification of fats
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Question: In response to the arrival of acid chyme in the duodenum the
Answer: blood levels of sercretin rise
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Question: A blockage of the ducts from the parotid glands would
Answer: interfere with carbohydrate digestion in the mouth
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Question: n response to the hormone CCK, the pancreas secretes a fluid
Answer: rich in enzymes
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Question: A drug that blocks the action of carbonic anhydrase in parietal cells would result in
Answer: a lower pH during gastric digestion
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Question: Disease that causes the gastric mucosa to atrophy would result in significantly less secretion by the gastric glands...as a result of this condition you would expect
Answer: Pernicious anemia- lack of B12
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Question: metabolism
Answer: the sum of all the biochemical processes going on in the human body a any given time
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Question: Cells synthesize new organic components for which of the following reasons
Answer: to prduc secretions, to preform structural maint., growth & repair
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Question: during glycolysis
Answer: a molecule of glucose is converted into two molecules of pyruvic acid
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Question: The TCA Cycle
Answer: begins with the formation of a molecule of citirc acid
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Question: The carbon dioxide of respiration is formed during
Answer: The TCA cycle
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Question: In the electron transport chain
Answer: oxidized molecules gain energy a the expense of reduced molecules
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Question: In glycolysis each molecule of glucose that is metabolized releases enough energy to form____molecules of ATP
Answer: 2
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Question: In the process of cellular respiration, each molecule of glucose that is metabolized yeilds enough energy to form ____ molecules of ATP
Answer: 36
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Question: Reaction within ____ provide most of the energy needed by a typical cell
Answer: the mitochondria
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Question: In order for glycolyis to occur _____ must be present
Answer: ATP & DP
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Question: The ____ of the mitochondrion contains large diameter pores that are permeable to ions and small organic molecules such as pyruvic acid
Answer: Outer membrane
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Question: The function of the citric acid cycle is to
Answer: remove hydrogen atoms from organic molecules and transfer them to coenzymes
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Question: A ______ acts as an intermediary that accepts electrons from one molecule and transfers them to another
Answer: coenzyme
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Question: The major steps in oxidative phoporylation include all the following except
Answer: increasing the energy level of electrons passing though the electron transport chain
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Question: In oxidative phosphorylation, energy for the synthesis of ATP is provided by
Answer: the combo of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen to form water
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Answer: excess lipids are converted into glycogen molecules
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Question: Lipogenesis typically begins with
Answer: aceytl-CoA
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Question: Linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid are all examples of
Answer: essential fatty acids
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Question: Lipoproteins containing triglycerides manufactured in the liver are transported to peripheral tissues are called
Answer: VLDL's
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Question: Lipoproteins carrying mostly cholesterol and phospholipids fromperipheral tissues to the liver are called
Answer: HDL's
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Question: Catabolism of amino acids requires vitamin
Answer: B6
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Question: In transamination, the amino group of an amino acid is
Answer: transfered to a keto acid
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Question: The proccess of deamination produces
Answer: ammonia
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Question: Urea is formed in the
Answer: liver
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Question: For adults there a ____ essential amino acids
Answer: 8
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Question: During the absorptive state
Answer: the liver forms glycogen
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Question: The major cation in extracellular fluid that is essential for normal membrane function is
Answer: sodium
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Question: The major cation in cytoplasm that is essential for membrane function is
Answer: potassium
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Question: The major anion in body fluids is
Answer: chloride
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Question: a cation that is essential for muscle contraction, nerve function, and blood clotting is
Answer: calcium
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Question: An anion that is necessary component of high-energy compunds and nucleic acid and a structural component of the bones is the ____ ion
Answer: phosphate
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Question: A mineral that is a component of hemoglobin, myoglobin, and chytochromes is
Answer: iron
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Question: The mineral that is a necessary cofactor for hemoglobin synthesis is
Answer: copper
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Question: Vitamin that plays a role in maintaining epithelial and is required for the synthesis of visual pigments is
Answer: Vitamin A
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Question: Vitamin that is requied for proper bone growth and for calcium absorption and retention is
Answer: Vitamin D
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Question: Vitamin that prevents the destruction of Vitamin A and fatty acids is
Answer: Vitamin E
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Question: Vitamin that is essential for the production of several clotting factors is
Answer: Vitamin K
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Question: Vitamin that is a constituent of the coenzyme FAD and FMN is
Answer: riboflavin
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Question: Vitamin that is a constituent of the coenzyme NAD is
Answer: niacin
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Question: Factors that influence an individuals BMR include the following except...sex, age, body height, body weight, genetics
Answer: body height
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Question: all of the following occur when the temp of the preoptic nucleus drops below acceptable levels excepts that it
Answer: blood flow to the skin increases
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Question: The loss of infrared energy from the body is called
Answer: radiation
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Question: The most eat is lost from the body through a the process of
Answer: radiation
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Question: Obesity is described as a body weiht more than _____ percent above the ideal body weight for an individual
Answer: 20
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Question: A disease caused by the ingestion of excessive quantities of one or more vitamins is known as
Answer: hypervitaminosis
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Question: A 45yr old male with a total cholesterol of 225 who has had four family members die from coronary heart disease
Answer: is most likely to have problems as a result of their cholesterol levls
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Question: The lipoproteins that carry absorbed lipids from the intestinal tract to the blood stream are
Answer: chylomicrons
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Question: whe th body is relying on internal energy reserves to continue meeting it's energy demands it is in
Answer: the postabsorptive state
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Answer: most cells do not contain the enzyme necessary to break the peptide bonds
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Question: a growing child is in a state of
Answer: positive nitrogen balance
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Question: which of the following individuals would lose heat fastest in a cold room
Answer: a newborn infant
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Question: If you were in a desert without water, which nutient would you like to have stored in your body in large amounts
Answer: fat
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Question: air entering the body is filtered , warmed, and humidified by the
Answer: upper respiratory tract
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Answer: preventing choking on chewed food
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Question: large airborne particles are filtered by
Answer: nasal hairs in the vestibule of the nose
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Question: The common passsageway shared by the respiratory and digestives systems is
Answer: pharynx
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Question: the openings of the auditory tubes are located in the
Answer: nasopharynx
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Question: the palatine tonsils lie in the walls of the
Answer: oropharynx
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Question: the glottis is
Answer: the opening to the larynx
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Question: the vocal cords are located in the
Answer: larynx
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