Amino Acids Are The Subunits Of Larger Molecules Called

Identify the term used to mane one of the identical or similar subunits of a larger molecule.

Monomer

________ refers to the sum of all the chemical reactions in the body.

Metabolism.

The molecule called _______ may combine with an inorganic phosphate to from ATP.

Adenosine Diphosphate

Regarding the components of a solution, saltwater is a solution of NaCL (salt) in water. in this scenario, NaCL is the _____.

solute.

An organic molecule composed of a nitrogenous base, a monosaccharide, and a phosphate group, and is the monomer of nucleic acids, is called a _______.

Nucleotide

Amino acids are the subunits or larger molecules called _________.

Proteins.

Fatty acids contain both a ________ group and a ________ group.

Carboxyl.
Methyl.

Common arrangements of atoms associated with hydrocarbon backbones are called ______ groups.

Functional

Describe an ion.

An atom that has gained or lost electrons.

An ______ is a protein that functions as a biological catalyst.

Enzyme.

The molecular weight of a molecule is:

-Measured in atomic mass units.
-Equal to the sum of the atomic weights
-Useful for calculating concentrations.

Disaccharides can be broken down into ___________.

Monosaccharides.

A ________ is an amphiphilic molecule composed of two fatty acids and one phosphate group bonded to a glycerol molecule. These molecules are the major component of the plasma membrane and other cellular membranes.

Phospholipid.

Inorganic elements that are extracted from the soil by plants and passed up the food chain are known as ________.

Minerals.

Name the only plant polysaccharide digestible in the human diet?

Starch.

Multiple part molecules of carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids and lipids are examples of ________. They are also referred to as ______.

-Polymers.
-Macromolecules.

An ______ reaction consists of two molecules that trade or groups of atoms.

Exchange.

Gucose (C6H12O6) is an

-Molecule
-Compound

Nucleotides are the subunits of the macromolecule type called __________.

Nucleic acids.

Describe a decomposition reaction:

Breaks down a large molecule into smaller parts.

A carbohydrates composed of two covalently-bonded simple sugars (monosaccharides_ is a

Disaccharide.

Indicate the different types of lipids.

-Fatty acids
-Steroids
-Phospholipids
-Eicosanoids
-Triglycerides

Covalent, ionic, and hydrogen are examples of _________ bonds.

Chemical.

Solutions with a pH of 7 are considered:

Neutral.

Hydrophobic means that a substance is insoluble in _______.

Water.

Blood, with a normal pH range of 7.35 to 7.45, is considered ______.

Basic

The molecular wright of a molecule is:

-Measured in atomic mass units
-Useful for calculating concentrations
-Equal to the sum of the atomic weights

Name the particle found in the nucleus that has a positive charge.

Proton.

A ______ consists of substances that are physically blended but not chemically bound.

Mixture.

What is true regarding metabolism?

-Sum of all of the chemical reactions in the body
-Includes reaction where new molecules are synthesized
-Includes reactions where molecules are broken down.

A molecule may be composed of one element or more than one element.

True.

To move something, one is required to do _______.

Work.

The pH of the stomach can be as low as 2. This pH would be considered _______.

Acidic.

Saltwater is a solution of NaCl in water. In this scenario, water is the ______.

Solvent.

Hydrophobic organic molecules, such as fatty acids, fats, steroids, and prostaglandins, are classifies as:

Lipids.

A large molecule that consists of many identical or similar subunits, such as protein, DNA or starch is a ______.

Polymer.

Monosaccharids, disaccharides, and polysaccharides are all part of the family of macromolecules called ________.

Carbohydrates.

The simplest form of matter to have unique properties are the ________.

Elements.

A lipid composed of three fatty acids joined to a glycerol is a ________.

Triglyceride.

The following statements are true of proteins.

-They act as receptors on cells' surfaces
-They catalyze chemical reactions
-They transport oxygen

The active site of an enzyme is:

Where it binds its substrate.

Multiple part molecules of carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids and lipids are examples of ________. They are also referred to as ________.

-Macromolecules
-Polymers

Name the particle found in the nucleus that has a neutral charge.

Neutron.

Two amino acids are brought together to form a dipeptide. This is an example of a _________ reaction.

Synthesis.

The ________ structure of a protein is the amino acid sequence of the protein.

Primary

An ion with a net negative charge (more electrons that protons) is called an ________.

Anion.

Name the type of ion that has lost an electron and, consequently, has a net positive charge.

Cation.

An ____ bond involves the attraction of a cation to an anion.

Ionic

A _______ reaction is a process in which a covalent or ionic bod is broken or formed.

Chemical.

Isotopes vary in the number of _______.

Neutrons.

The element that is the foundation of biological molecule is _______; this element has four valence electrons and can form a wide variety of bonds.

Carbon.

A glucose polymer synthesized by liver, muscle, uterine, and vaginal cells that serves as an energy-storage polysaccharide is ________.

Glycogen.

Polypeptides over 100 amino acids long are generally classified as ___________.

Proteins.

Name the subatomic particle with a negative charge

Electron.

A ________ is a phospholipid molecule with a carbohydrate covalently bonded to it. It can be found in the plasma membranes of cells.

Glycolipid.

Name the molecule composed of adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups that functions as a universal energy-transfer molecule.

Adenosine triphosphate.

Any chain more than 15 amino acids can be defined as a ________.

Polypeptide.

________, a monosaccharide found in the blood, is the monomer that can form glycogen and starch.

Glucose.

Name the bonds between amino acids in a protein.

Peptide bond.

A hydrophobic organic compound composed mainly of carbon and high ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is a _______. Examples include fatty acids, fats, phospholipids, steriods, and prostaglandins.

Lipids.

An input of _______ s required for a system to preform work.

Energy.

Substances that resist changes in pH are known as ________.

Buffers.

Chemical reactions that are ______ can proceed in either direction.

Reversible.

A _______ consists of a solute dissolved in a solvent.

Solution.

The study of the molecules and chemical reactions that occur in living cells is known as ________.

Biochemistry.

Hydrophilic means soluble in ________.

Water.

Indicate which statements are true of Proteins

-They catalyze chemical reactions
-They act as receptors on cells' surfaces
-They transport oxygen

a single covalent bond is:

Formed by the sharing of two electrons between two atoms.

The abbreviation ______ indicates the measure of acidity which is derived from the concentration of H+

pH.

Anabolism is a term for metabolic reactions that:

Use energy, and build large molecules from small molecules.

A proton (H+) donor, or a chemical that releases protons into solution, is an _______.

Acid.

A _____ is a chemical that binds protons in a solution and functions as a proton acceptor.

Base.

Name the family of macromolecules that plays a role in cell structure, communication (hormones and neurotransmitters), membrane transport, catalysis (enzymes), recognition and protection (immune factors), movement (contractile molecules), and cell adhesion.

Proteins.

Some monosaccharides are:

-Fructose
-Galactose
-Glucose

Indicate how pH and temperature affect the activity of an enzyme.

-Causing a conformational change in the enzyme
-Altering the shape of the substrate binding site.

Most chemical mixtures in the body are suspended in ______. Name the solvent.

Water.

The following are important properties of water allowing it to support life.

-Cohesion
-Solvency
-Chemical reactivity.

A starch molecule may contain thousands of smaller glucose subunits. Glucose is the _______ of starch.

Monomer.